The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy - Essay Example However, since he wanted to maintain the good reputation of the country, he intended to have plausible deniability about the matter. As such, he decided to use Cuban citizens who disliked Castro to spearhead the fight while American operatives were not directly included. Kennedy was unsure of this decision but since it had been planned in the Eisenhower administration. He found it difficult to abandon probably because it would undermine Eisenhower’s reign (Kennedy & Sedgwick, 2006). However, after the invasion things went horribly wrong. The invaders were killed, and some of them captured for ransom to the U.S. This became a bureaucratic nightmare. Knowing that the country was in trouble, Kennedy publicly took responsibility for the attack on Cuba and apologized(Presidentprofiles.com, 2013). In addition to this, he consulted with other former presidents like Eisenhower and Nixon in order to find a suitable way alleviate their problem. Due to these actions, Kennedy was able to salvage the reputation of the United States from the drain. 2. Given that the invasion of Cuba was unsuccessful, Kennedy had to come up with contingency measures that wouldensure that his country was not blamed for the outcome of the failed invasion(Presidentprofiles.com, 2013). As such,he had to come up with a proper diplomatic doctrine to suit his situation. The first decision he made was to admit to his mistake publicly. This action was far from intended since the U.S. wanted to deny all claims of involvement. However, to the diplomatic community, admission was suitable,and it neutralized the effects that the invasion had on not only Cubans but also other countries worldwide(Gienow-Hecht, 2010). The United States obtained most of its allies back after this admission of guilt. Back in the country, another problem was emerging. If Kennedyexplained to the citizens that it was not his idea to invade Cuba, but that of his predecessor, he wouldhave created division in the country. Disu nity of such proportion would be catastrophic to the country (Presidentprofiles.com, 2013. Therefore, he decidedto consult with two former presidents in order to show they were in agreement. These consultations yielded alternative steps that the country would take in order to avoid such embarrassment in the future. This action by Kennedy further strengthened the American citizens’ belief in their leadership (Kennedy & Sedgwick, 2006). However, even after the Cubaninvasion failed miserably, Kennedy still wanted involvement with the local affairs of other countries. He explained thatsuch countries were not able to manage their own matters, and this was why he got involved (Kennedy & Sedgwick, 2006). For instance, he still wanted Fidel Castro of Cuba overthrown from power. This is because Castro was an ardent communist while Kennedydisapproved of this method (Sibley, 1998). Kennedy then took up secretive methods that would ensure the U.S. wasnot involved if they failed. He utili zed the CIA for this purpose. Much to his dismay, the CIA, did not follow the orders it was given, and it tried to assassinate Castro on numerous occasion, all of which failed. It is claimed that Castro got wind of these assassination attempts and was infuriated. Castro is rumored by many to be the person behind Kennedy’s assassination (Kennedy & Sedgwick, 2006). Nevertheless, Kennedy’s response to this crisis was outstanding. 3. This diplomatic doctrine had an effect not only on the United States but also on other countries(Gienow-Hecht,

Online Shopping vs Brick and Mortar Shopping Essay Example for Free

Online Shopping vs Brick and Mortar Shopping Essay Brick and mortar shopping and online shopping compare and contrast in many different ways. Some of the ways are obvious such as one is online and one is an actual store, but there are others that many different people would not even think about if they didn’t shop in both settings regularly. Knowing the benefits of online shopping and shopping in store can not only save a person the hassle of getting out when something may be better to get online, but it can also save a person tons of money knowing which setting to buy certain things from. For instance, during certain times of the year store may offer exclusive savings on certain products if you buy them online and buy them together. This kind of promotion can save you massive amounts of money. Brick and mortar shopping and online shopping compare and contrast by sales, convenience, and coupon use. Brick and mortar shopping and online shopping compare and contrast by sales. When shopping online, stores sometimes offer exclusive sales for online only shoppers. When shopping online a person can save money on top of sales by shopping through a cash back service such as www. bates. com. Www. ebates. com will offer you a percentage of what you spend at certain stores online to encourage you to shop online at that store. When shopping online a person can take advantage of a good deal without having to justify themselves to a sales associate. Sometimes a sales associate will not agree with someone getting the great deal that their company is plainly offering. At least a computer will not argue with someone or try to make it seem like someone is trying to take advantage of the system. When shopping in store, stores also sometimes offer exclusive sales for in store shoppers only. When shopping in store a person can sometimes match prices at stores such as Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart offers to let a person match a price from another local store just by showing the cashier the print add therefore extending your savings. Some other stores like CVS also offer store cards that shoppers can use for even bigger savings and exclusive deals. Sales like these can really drop your bills! Brick and mortar shopping and online shopping compare and contrast by convenience. When shopping online, a person can shop from the convenience of their own home. Another great advantage of shopping online is that you don’t have to take the time to put in makeup, fix your hair, or even change out of your pajamas. When online shopping a person does not have to spend gas money to get out and go to the store. Also, when shopping online a person can compare items from different stores to see which items are of better quality and value. In retrospect when shopping in a brick and mortar store associates can help a person with their purchase. When shopping in store with an associate a person can ask questions about the items that they are buying. A store associate can answer any questions about what a person is shopping for that they may have been curious about. This can be very helpful in choosing just the right products for your family. One other difference about shopping in store is that there are no shipping fees that need to be paid. There is also no wait between when a person purchases their items and when they get them. This effectively saves you both time and money. Brick and mortar shopping and online shopping compare and contrast by coupon use. When shopping online a store will sometimes offer exclusive coupon codes that are only good for online use. Sometimes the coupons that are offered online will have a higher value than a coupon that you will use in store. Stores will sometimes do this to encourage you to try shopping online as opposed to a brick and mortar setting. Also, when shopping online with coupons you do not have to deal with an associate during the checkout process. Sometimes an in store associate will argue with you about whether or not your coupon is legitimate or if that coupon can be used on the item in your cart. When shopping in store you can use paper coupons and sometimes printed coupons. Also, some stores will let you stack a manufactures coupon with a coupon put out by that particular store. This means that you can use two coupons towards the purchase of one item. The store coupon is considered the same as an in store promotion therefore allowing you to use a manufactures coupon as well. This can increase your savings dramatically. Online shopping and shopping in a brick and mortar setting compare and contrast by sales convenience, and coupon use. Online shopping and brick and mortar shopping have many different elements associated with each of them that many different people do not realize. Writing them down in an organized manner helps one to see all of the great differences and comparatives between the two. When shopping online there are great benefits such as exclusive sales, the convenience of not having to leave the house to get what you need, and that you can use exclusive online coupons. In comparison to this when shopping in a brick and mortar setting you can take advantage of in store exclusive sales and promotions, you can ask the store associates questions about the products you are buying, you don’t have to wait for the product to be delivered to you, and you can sometimes stack manufactures coupons with store coupons. These are all great comparisons and contrasts of online shopping and brick and mortar shopping, hopefully you can make an informed decision about which is best for you.

Charity Wards Philippine Hospitals Health And Social Care Essay

Charity Wards Philippine Hospitals Health And Social Care Essay The presence of charity wards in Philippine hospitals, whether public or private, has been a quiet issue. Those who are aware of the existence of this ward are the ones that cannot afford regular wards or those that prefer the services given in the charity wards. Most hospitals that offer their services through the means of having charity wards often have different elements to be paid for. The basic elements are the medical materials used, professional fees, and hospital fee. Often times the patients confined in these wards are the ones that provide the basic medical materials needed. There are also instances wherein professional fees of doctors are either waived or discounted for, while the hospital fee is rarely waived. One cause of conflict can be how the hospital prioritizes which patient should be attended to first; there are some hospitals that select paying patients before those who are not able to pay and sometimes they forego the triage system. The triage system is the system in which hospital personnel determine the level of priority of each patient based on the patients current physical condition. Of course, charity wards consist of only a certain number of beds and so charity patients may only be accommodated depending on availability and the hospitals capability to handle his or her case. This issue raises questions such as how do paying wards affect patient care and accommodation in charity wards? Do hospitals charge paying patients more than the actual cost of care? How are they [hospitals] able to afford for the continuous upkeep of charity wards? What is the governments involvement regarding this issue? And lastly, is the charity ward beneficial to all stakeholders? Background Information The charity system of service was first practiced in St. Lukes Medical Center and was established by American Missionaries in 1903. By 1910, St. Lukes increased bed capacity in the hospital to 52, catering dominantly to charity patients. In 1946, the University of Santo Tomas opened their pay and charity wards at the newly opened facility in Espana, Manila. More hospitals would follow suit with their own respective charity wards and as with St Lukes and UST, they funded themselves through the paying wards. It has been cited that in UST, their charity wards have solely been funded via the paying wards and never through government subsidies nor through the tuition fees of students enrolled in medical and allied medical courses. This may show that charity wards, now known in a more politically correct term of service wards, are not black holes for hospitals; they do not necessarily exhaust medical facilities of revenues, supplies and such. It also shows that hospitals charge more than t hey really should but since it is for a good cause, it may well be worth it. It has also been general knowledge that in charity wards, medical interns and students are often allowed to handle patients while they have very limited patient in pay wards. It is something that hospitals will not publish but it is a widely accepted act. Also, faster and better service can obviously be found in pay wards and not in charity wards. Despite the fact that certain hospitals can afford having a fully functional charity ward, government subsidies are always welcome things for them as, according to UST Hospital, it can cost upwards of P115 million per annum to run their charity facility, which is at a 65% occupancy rate. Of USTHs patients, only 25% have PhilHealth coverage but even then, patients still have to pay as much as 50 centavos for every peso of treatment cost. It can cost significantly more for the Philippine General Hospital which has a total of 1,500 beds for pay, charity and special patients as compared to USTHs total of 443 beds, and a 95% occupancy rate for charity ward as compared to USTHs 65%. According to the 2007 National Health Accounts, a study done by the National Statistical Coordination Board, the Department of Health along with the financial assistance of the Department of Health Office of the Secretary (DOH-OSEC), Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB), Philippine Heart Center (PHC), National Kidney Transplant Institute (NKTI), National Nutrition Council (NNC), Lung Center of the Philippines (LCP), Philippine Childrens Medical Center (PCMC), and Commission on Population (PopCom) allotted P20.3 billion for the budget of various health programs and institutions. From the P20.3 billion, only P15.4 billion goes to personal and public health care, namely government hospitals and the like. The breakdown of the budget under personal health care is P13.4 billion which is then directly transferred to government hospitals, while in public health care only P1.9 billion is allotted. The involvement of local government units (LGUs) in the financial assistance for public health care has been significant in contrast to the Department of Health; the LGUs had substantially allocated P13.7 billion according to the 2007 Philippine National Health Accounts. According to the An Analysis of the Presidents Budget for Fiscal Year 2007 conducted by the Congressional Planning and Budget Department, the total budget of the Philippines in that year was P1.126 trillion and from that P329.4 billion was allocated for social services. Of that, P14.5 billion or 1.3% of the national budget was specifically allocated for health. For 2007, hospital services get the biggest share amounting to 7.1 billion or 65% of the total budget. Public health gets only 14% of the budget, 2 percentage points lower than administration function receives. Regulation gets 5% of total budget for 2007. (Congressional Planning and Budget Department, 2007, p.103) It was also stated that in the pattern of budget distribution of the Department of Health since 2003 up to 2007, no change has been made. Hospital services continue to get the biggest chunk ranging from 65% to 71%. Budget allocation for public health and administration during the period get from 14% to 16% only. Regulation is given the least share ranging from 2% to 5%. (Congressional Planning and Budget Department, 2007, p.103) Even if there is a recognizable amount in the allocation of the national budget regarding health care, it is not sufficient in helping to defray the costs of necessary health care. Those in the marginalized sector, earning a minimum wage, often seek the services offered by the charity system available in government and public hospitals. However, there are some instances that these individuals may not be able to afford the costs that are followed in being confined in these said wards. Indeed, charity wards are supposed to be affordable, most especially to those who need it the most, but is does not necessarily mean that the services offered will be free. According to the newspaper article, title How charitable are charity hospitals?, a patient confined in the charity ward of a university-based hospital found out that their hospital bill reached P16,000 just for a weeks confinement. Now if that patient were just earning minimum wage and works for six days a week, he would just have earned P2,424 and that will not be enough to pay for his hospital bill. That only covers hospital fees and the medicines used during procedures done; it does not include post-operative or post-hospitalization care and maintenance. The implementation of the Philippine Generic Drug Act 1988 which requires the use of generic labeling and advertising of drugs have somewhat helped in making necessary drugs and such to be readily available to the public but that still adds to the expenses of the already strained household budgets of our lower class sector. According to The Prices People Have to Pay for Medicines in the Philippines by the Institute of Philippine C ulture in Ateneo de Manila University, the Philippines is one of the countries that have problems with drug accessibility for the public. According to their study, which cites the World Health Organization, less than 30% of the population has regular access to important medicines. This may be attributed to the costs of medicine taken in relation to the average income of the working classes. A 2007 statistical study titled Trends and Characteristics of the Middle-Income Class in the Philippines: Is it Expanding or Shrinking?, showed that the lower classes are in the bottom 76.7% of families living in the Philippines. This lower class group has an annual income bracket of P5,000 to P242,228 with an average annual income of P109,580. This does not include indigents and the truly poor. Sources: Ancheta, A. Q. (10 August 2010). William H. Quasha His Relevance to St. Lukes Revisited. Retrieved on November 15, 2010 from St. Lukes College of Medicine website: http://stlukesmedcollege.edu.ph/default/news-and-events/action,Display/news_id,63 Batangan M.D., M.Sc., D.B. (n.d.). The Prices People Have to Pay for Medicines in the Philippines. [PDF File]. Retrieved on November 16, 2010 from: http://www.haiweb.org/medicineprices/surveys/200502PH/sdocs/survey_report.pdf Congressional Planning and Budget Department. (2007). An Analysis of the Presidents Budget for Fiscal Year 2007. [PDF File]. Retrieved on November 16, 2010 from http://ia700104.us.archive.org/10/items/CongressBudgetPlanningDept2007NationalBudgetofPhilippines/budget07.pdf Dalangin-Fernandez, L. (22 March 2007). Arroyo signs P1.1-Tr budget for 2007. Retrieved on November 16, 2010 from Philippine Daily Inquirer website: http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view/20070322-56398/%28UPDATE%29_Arroyo_signs_P1.1-Tr_budget_for_2007 de la Cruz, M. (21 October 2007). How charitable are charity hospitals?. Retrieved on November 11, 2010 from Inquirer.net: http://services.inquirer.net/print/print.php?article_id=20071021-95772 Fernandez M.D., C. R. (n.d.). UP-PGH Emergency Department Triage. Retrieved on November 15, 2010 from Philippines Society of Emergency Care Physicians website: http://psecp.org/index.php?option=com_contenttask=viewid=30Itemid=48 Malaya Newspaper. (29 September 2007). Malaya Feature: Philippine General Hospital at 100, PGH: Leader in Quality Health Care. Retrieved on November 15, 2010 from Philippine Headline News Online website: http://www.newsflash.org/2004/02/si/si002422.htm National Statistical Coordination Board. (3 August 2010). 2007 Philippine National Health Accounts. Retrieved on November 16, 2010 from NSCB website: http://www.nscb.gov.ph/stats/pnha/2007/2007pnhatables.asp St. Lukes Medical Center. (n.d). St Lukes Medical Center Fast Facts. Retrieved on November 16, 2010 from St. Lukes Medical Center website: http://www.stluke.com.ph/home.php/sb/Fast_Facts Virola, R. A. (n.d.). Trends and Characteristics of the Middle-Income Class in the Philippines: Is it Expanding or Shrinking?. [PDF File]. Retrieved on November 16, 2010 from: http://www.nscb.gov.ph/ncs/10thNCS/papers/contributed%20papers/cps-12/cps12-01.pdf (n.a.). (30 September 1961). G.R. No. L-15270. Retrieved on November 16, 2010 from The LawPhil Project website: http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1961/sep1961/gr_l-15270_1961.html (n.a.). (25 June 2007). When priests quarrel. Retrieved on November 16, 2010 from Manila Standard Today website: http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/2007/june/25/felMaragay.htm

The Sun Also Rises :: Essays papers

The Sun Also Rises "This is the way the world ends. This is the way the world ends. This is the way the world ends. Not with a bang but a whimper." (T.S. Eliot, The Hollow Men) "†¦but a whimper.", Eliot was writing of the Lost Generation. The period after World War I were people were disillusioned, wandering through their life lost, not sure what their goal was. In Ernest Hemmingway's novel, The Sun Also Rises, the Lost Generation and their inability to cope with the change around them is the focus of the novel. The Sun Also Rises is a beautifully written account of a generation lost in an unknown cause that leaves them abandoned in the end. Hemmingway wrote this story in a unique fashion. The book is written with no apparent plot, that is, there are not twists, intrigue, or goals for the characters. The plot is simply the story itself. That is what Hemmingway wanted, he wanted the reader to read this story and recognize the loses and struggles the characters encounter through experiences they had. The Sun Also Rises takes place in France following the First World War. The main character and narrator is Jake Barnes a newspaper reporter and war veteran. His life corresponds directly to that of the Lost Generation, for he is the Lost Generation. Jake lives a very simple life, he gets up and eats, goes to work, goes out with someone for lunch, goes back to work, than goes out with friends to eat supper and drink the night away. Jake's life is very similar to all others of that time; he is not an exception. To prove this Hemmingway shows the bars and restaurants packed at night with people just like Jake and his friends. Jake's long time friend and once lover, Brent Ashley is a very beautiful and unruly woman. She makes her first appearance in the novel as she walks into a bar to meet Jake, she is followed by a group of gay men. This point is very crucial to the novel because it strikes a major point of conflict between Jake and Brett. Jake had suffered an injury in the war and was impotent because of it. Jake is self-conscious of this fact and was very upset when Brett walked in with men that were not impotent and yet failed to take advantage of it.

Law & Ethics Essay

BB General Partnership Dracca is able to seek recover from Silva Gray individually on the judgment for BB partnership because the partnership has not been incorporated. In a general partnership each individual can be sued for the full amount of the business debt. The partners cannot have personal interest within the partnership (Bagley & Savage, 2009 p. 729). If one partner incurs all of the debt, they can then sue the other partners for their parts of the debt. Within a Limited Liability Partnership these three items would differ from the general partnership. 1. Limited partners do not play an active role in the business 2. Limited partners are not personally liable 3. Limited partners face slightly different tax rules (NOLO) BB is not a formalized company under the laws of corporation and taxation, so in turn each individual can be held liable for the debt legally. However, Dracca should not have gone after Ms. Grey solely on a tip of her wealth. Business Judgment Rule The Business Judgment Rule states that as long as the board members have acted in good faith and meet the basic standards, there should not be a fear of prosecution when making decisions (Bagley & Savage, 2009 p. 801). To insure that the board of directors did not fault their duty of care and the Business Judgment Rule several items must be analyzed. 1. â€Å"Were the directors interested in the transaction?2. Did the directors act in good faith? 3. Did the directors act in a manner that cannot be attributed to a rational purpose? 4. Did the directors reach the decision by a negligent process?† (Bagley & Savage, 2009 p.801). The board must also consider their duty of care and duty of loyalty. Duty of care requires people involved in the company to make informed and reasonable decisions for the business. Duty of loyalty requires employees to act in good faith and in good interest of the company (Bagley & Savage, 2009 p. 799). In the case of Dracca vs. BB, the board did not act in good duty of care, duty of loyalty or use the Business Judgment Rule appropriately. The overall concept to obtain the debt from BB was an action of duty or care and loyalty to the company. However, the way the board of directors went about the retrieval of the debt was not the best method. By pursuing Ms. Gray off a ‘tip’ the fund backfired and the company incurred a lot of fees that might not of occurred if the pursue was planned correctly. The process of pursuing the money was neglected, fault number three in the Business Judgment rule. Employment Discrimination The accounting manager for Dracca overseeing the BB account, Martin Long had his pay and responsibilities decreased by Accounting Director Mary Smith. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) was developed to help employees against discrimination of age, sex, race, gender, national origin, disability, and religion (Bagley & Savage, 2009 p.466). In Martin Long’s case he left the company because Ms. Smith’s visual and vocal opinions. The opinions turned into harassment and eventually Long left the Firm. By vocalizing and placing visual signs Ms. Smith was creating a harsh work environment for employees. Long will be able to sue Dracca for employment discrimination and argue constructive discharge because there must be evidence of unpleasant working condition that it forces the employee to resign and the employer has not taken care of the complaint within 15 days of being informed of the issues. The harassment must be worse than Title VII (Runkel, n.d.). Dracca is responsible for Ms. Smith’s actions/discrimination against Long. Kate was fired after reporting to the EEOC the harassment from Ms. Smith. Kate should not of been fired for reporting the discrimination. Due to Dracca’s action upon firing Kate, the company seems to approve of Ms. Smith’s actions. The EEOC Compliance Manual states that the person filing the complaint is â€Å"protected against retaliation by a respondent for participating in the statutory complaint proceedings even if that complaint involved a different covered entity† (Igasaki, 1998). From the EEOC, Dracca would be held liable for Hernandez’s actions within the court system. Hernandez violated the EEOC Title VII discriminatory actions. The Title VII makes two theories clear to businesses. 1. The theory of disparate treatment and 2. The theory of disparate impact. Disparate treatment means that the plaintiff has to prove that the employer intentionally discriminated against him/her denying a benefit of employment (Bagley & Savage, 2009 p.471). Disparate impact is when employers make employment decisions based on selection, making employers complete test and evaluations. BFOQ stands for Bona Fide Occupational that an employer must prove that the type of person is not able to perform the job position. In this case, women with children were hired in order to sell the product. Dracca would have to prove that men were not able to perform the job. The BFOQ cannot be used as a defense when there is a preferred gender within the company. The following also apply. Usually BFOQ is not based on color and gender will not qualify when the 1. â€Å"Assumptions of the comparative employment characteristics of women in general, 2. Stereotyped characteristics of the sexes, and 3. The preferences of coworkers, employers or customers for one gender or the other (Bagley & Savage, 2009 p. 485). Conclusion After reviewing the case, I recommend the following 1. Dracca hire new board members with a focus on the business, and not a focus on money. The Board of Directors should be compiled of people that are business savvy and care about the firm and about the financials in a legal and ethical manner. By the Board leaning on a tip and not fact, the business incurred a lot of debt that could have been spent somewhere else within the firm. 2. Dracca should have a firmer hiring process where the prospects are asked to observe and manage for a day, or write out a list of goals, or how to hire people for certain positions. This could show some speculation to discrimination. Also, Dracca should be stricter on company policy regarding religion, politics, and harassment. If need be the company can have classes on what is and is not harassment within the workplace. In this case, it seems that Dracca turned a blind eye on Mr. Long. References Bagley, Savage (2009 Feb. 5). Managers and the Legal Environment: Strategies for the 21st Century, Retrieved from: http://online.vitalsource.com/books/1111439885/S3.2/25 Igasaki, P., (1998), The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, EEOC Directives Transmittal, Retrieved from: http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/docs/retal.htm Runkel, R. (n.d.), Constructive Discharge #9, Law Memo: First in Employment Law. Retrieved from: http://www.lawmemo.com/101/2005/12/constructive_di.html

Aman Thakar Essay Example

Aman Thakar Essay Example Aman Thakar Essay Aman Thakar Essay being a tree swayed by the wind. He has fallen to a much lower level then the natural occupants of the land leading a depraved, purely hedonistic life, he is truly a savage and compared to him the natives are civilized. Particularly when we compare this to Marlow fascination with the restraint that the cannibals show that are on the boat. He is shocked in the way that these people can compose themselves and have such great self control in the face of a demon which shatter the resolution of a European. He says No fear can stand up to hunger, no patience can wear it out, disgust simply does not exist where hunger is, but this is on show in front of him despite him thinking I would just as soon have expected restraint from a hyena prowling amongst the corpses on a battlefield. Such comparisons with hyenas may be what pushed Achebe to call Conrad a bloody racist, but Marlow expresses great admiration for these people. There is more to this novella though, as Cedric Watts says, it holds a remarkably wide range of reference to problems of politics and psychology, morality and religion, social order and evolution. This novella is preoccupied by an exploration of the depravity of man and the darkness within us all. Central to this issue is the perception of the identity or the self. Marlow manifests a vigilant humanity , as Watts puts it. Kurtz is the complete opposite to this acquiring deity status. Marlow has get in touch with his own humanity in the face of this half-human, almost soulless creature. In pursuit of this Marlow is compelled to make a voyage of self-discovery up the river into the heart of darkness eventually discovering how while Kurtz had made the last stride I had been permitted to draw back my hesitating foot. He has to go to the brink and return in order to truly discover what he is truly made of. One believes he would not be able to live with himself if he did not test himself The darkness is something that is omnipresent. Even London was one of the dark places of the earth, and is still present, ironically emerging as within all when countries reach a pinnacle and attempt to expand. This ideal brought through prosperity eventually leads back to the darkness. This is at the center of the novella and is explored through the fight for oneself in the face of such vice, the ability to truly be able to have restraint and control ones overcoming temptation. It is something the cannibals are able to do, they refrain from the darkness and are civilized due to their self-restraint even though Its really easier to face bereavement, dishonor and the perdition of ones soul than this kind of hunger. The aboriginal in this way are more civilized then these barbarian invaders who struggle to control themselves. Another theme is that of mystery and enigma. Marlow embodies this with his stories described as one of those misty halos that sometimes are made visible by the spectral illumination of moonshine. He has a Buddha like quality which always gives him the appearance of having real substance, containing east and west. He is captivated by mystery demonstrated the book containing apparent cipher, he describes this as an extravagant mystery. He becomes entranced finding this reminder of civilization within the wilderness. Initially drawn to that blank space of delightful mystery, on the map looking at the river and proclaiming The snake had charmed me. The darkness is the main mystery within the novella; this darkness is the unknown of abomination and malignancy within the hearts of wild men. It seduces Kurtz and establishes a link to Marlows roots which, despite himself, he is forced to acknowledge the faintest trace of response. The mystery takes on a physical form through the fog leaving them enveloped in mysterious stillness, here it feels almost unnatural. With the incessant drum beat his curiosity over the natives way of life grows with his incessant questioning of things like the piece of white worsted around the mans neck in the grove of death and the meaning of the drum beat. This is coupled with his recollection of hunger in the face of admiration of the cannibals self. Mystery is constantly alluded to throughout from things as simple as the account of Fresleven, Marlow needs to know the power of the darkness which can drive a man to such actions. The mystery is also something that is two way with the natives seeing the white man as an enigma. They see Fresleven as a deity thus afraid to venture near his body and are confused when branded criminals the outraged law, like the bursting shells, had come to them, an insoluble mystery form the sea. Kurtz takes advantage of the naivete. Metaphors are used as a crux to what is going on within the book, the central one is the oil painting of the blind women carrying the torch. This one metaphor really ties together everything within the book. It represents the apparent advance of civilization into an Africa without vision and still within darkness. The mystery is within the torch itself though, despite apparently showing colonialists as bearers of a spark from the sacred fire, the fire could also be incendiary rather than illuminate. Waiting for the Barbarians is an incriminating condemnation of colonialism. Being of South African origin, Coetzee would be fully aware of the damaging effects of colonialism which spilled out in the form of segregation and the disparity this caused between various ethnic groups. Despite his Afrikaner roots Coetzee resisted inertia holding many liberal principles to heart. Given the climate during the writing of this book it would be difficult for it not to have a significant impact upon Coetzee. The Magistrate embodies the spirit of resistance against an irrational and oppressive government. This drive for change is fuelled by the guilt within him. Due to the Magistrates personality he is not able to lie back and allow things to slide, such complicity, or even being part of a system which represents dangerous ideals such as Pain is truth, is something he cannot allow himself to do. The Magistrate has a self-lacerating personality with which he is able to find fault with almost every thing he does even in acts of kindness. When he is helping the boy who has been taken prisoner by Jol with his father, the thought crosses his mind It has not escaped me that an interrogator can wear two masks, speak with two voices, one harsh, one seductive. And this is driven by guilt, similar to the guilt that besets Marlow for his part within the company. Like Marlow with the biscuit in the grove of death, he is reduced to offering futile gestures in the face of such wrongdoing. The Magistrate like much of the white community within South Africa has allowed himself to fall into a state of inertia. But this allows the system to fall into decay and for a colonial power such as the Third Bureau wanting to keep a tight grip on power this is where its problem lies. In order to maintain its grip it is forced to squeeze that much harder, forcing its hand into more extreme measures. This is most vivid when the barbarians are lined up and A simple loop of wire runs through the flesh of each mans hands and through holes pierced in his cheeks. Power is falling to the police and they have the law behind them forcing people into conformity for the service of protecting them from a non-existent threat. Through this it seems Coetzee is sending a message, a warning of the dangers of imperialism, captured in the way the Magistrate reacts to the extending of barracks and prison cells, time for the black flower of civilization to bloom. The Magistrate does now allow himself to be shackled by idleness, he fights against what is wrong. This guilt the Magistrate feels is similar to that which Coetzee himself feels due to his Afrikaner heritage, it is something inescapable. In dealing with his feelings against the empire he takes on indirect approaches such as taking in the Barbarian girl and delivering her to her people. Through the bathing rituals he attempts to express his feelings against what he is a part of hoping to find in her movements a hint of an old free state. But this is essentially empty and he does not gain anything from it. It is not until he adopts total resistance against the empire pushing to the extreme, hitting rock bottom, is he able to alleviate some of the terrible feelings he is afflicted with. In their fighting Marlow and the Magistrate distinguish themselves from those hollow men, such as Jol and Marlows Manager. The Magistrate is able to display a great deal of courage standing up in front of a blood thirsty mob saying No! to the use of a hammer saying You would not use a hammer on a beast. Coetzee also pursues other ideas and ideals within this novel though. Despite the political climate of the time, Coetzee doesnt allow this to overshadow what he is pursuing in his novel. This is perhaps why the location of this colony is kept deliberately ambiguous unlike in Heart of Darkness so that the novel can act almost as a fable and be universalized, best illustrated in the way that the narrator is known to us as The Magistrate. This novel is also a journey of self-discovery, something which is brought out through the Magistrates battle against colonialism. The Magistrate, because of the guilt within him is always highly critical of his actions and more than to other people, he needs to justify what he does to himself. This leads to a great crisis of conscience, and this is just as big an issue as colonialism within this novel captured in the line I cannot save the prisoners, therefor let me save myself. This is why the Magistrate goes to great lengths in an effort to purify h imself and it is the driving force behind him shaking him out of his languor. This is made even more striking when he is compared to a man like Joll, who is essentially empty and hollow within, using his sunglasses to cover up his eyes to hide the blackness that is Colonel Joll, just as Marlow is in the face of the company Manager or Kurtz. There is an insatiable desire within the Magistrate for knowledge captivated by any mystery not being able to truly rest until it is solved. He feels this with the scars on the barbarian girl saying until the marks on this girls body are deciphered and understood I cannot let go of her. He looks into his dreams as if they have some greater meaning, this plays a great deal upon his mind. He has difficulty comprehending that perhaps there is no great meaning behind his dreams and they are simply empty images. He has to pursue things not letting any detail go, this can be seen in the way that he is constantly trying to remember the barbarian girl in the court yard when she was first brought in, without her blemishes, despite its insignificance, it is something he cannot let go saying I must believe she was unmarked as I must believe she was once a child. We see this portrayed in his pass times with his scrolls in some ancient language he cannot decode, in the way the Magistrate is sim ilar to Marlow who shares this passion as seen in the book he finds in the hut with the markings in cipher. At the end of the novel we see the emergence of this road that may lead nowhere. This encompasses what the Magistrate does with mystery, pursuing it despite it not having any real meaning. The way he says the children do not acknowledge him leaves a feeling of alienation, but despite the road leading nowhere, it is still one he must follow and in this his journey is unfinished. There is some resemblance with the end of Heart of Darkness. Marlow is compelled to follow a path that seemed to lead into the heart of immense darkness. Marlows journey feels unfinished with his path going the way of the waterway and to inescapable darkness. Both men are condemned to continue this inescapable journey. These two novels clearly have other central concerns than that of colonialism. For me though in Waiting for the Barbarians, it is the Magistrates personality which inclines him to resist the way he does. Because of his guilt, he has to fight against the imperialists and Coetzee sets up his character for that purpose. Saying this Coetzee, despite the climate doesnt tackle the issue head on as is seen in the constant ambiguity in the novel, it seems his central concern is more producing a great novel rather than producing a condemnatory work. In Heart of Darkness though, as much as being a critique of colonialism, it is also a real exploration into the base and tribal nature of man and his corruptibility. It is Conrad trying to portray what he himself discovered while in Africa as much as it is a critique of colonialism. Both characters clearly embody the spirit of resistance against this injustice, but despite such an imposing backdrop it does not overshadow any other concerns, allowi ng them to be illustrated with some even overtaking colonialism in prevalence.

How to Use Graphics in Technical Writing

How to Use Graphics in Technical Writing In technical business writing, the graphics – such as engineering drawings, tables, and process diagrams – complement and are integrated with the text, to inform or even to entertain the reader, depending on the writer’s objective.In this post you will learn how to correctly and incorrectly use graphics in your technical business writing. Integrate Graphics with Text Integration is bidirectional: An effective graphic enhances the text, and effective text enhances the graphic. In other words, we want to go beyond simply pointing to the graphic in the text, which we would not consider â€Å"integration.† We also want to explain the graphic to the reader in the text. Indeed, depending on the subject matter, it’s a good practice to create the graphic first, to bring together some of the relevant concepts, and then walk the reader through the graphic to make sure all readers will have a common understanding of the graphic and its significance. Using this technique, we can instantly create pages of explanatory text that helps the reader understand and helps us tell the story. (Please note that we are not talking about how to choose among various kinds of graphics, e.g., organization charts, flow diagrams, and the like; that issue could be a subject for another blog. We simply want to explore the relationship between the graphic and the te xt.) hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(41482, '2355e67d-04bb-46d6-b8a7-b271b3acdfe9', {}); For example, suppose we are writing a contribution to a business blog. (Where did that idea come from, I wonder?) Figure 1 shows an overview of the blog writing process. Figure 1: Blog Writing Process. The figure answers several questions for the reader: What are the steps in the writing process? What is the sequence of steps? What are the respective responsibilities of the writer and publisher? At the same time, many questions that could be raised are left unanswered: For example, what activities are involved in â€Å"pre-write† or â€Å"pre-publish†? The figure doesn’t say; the narrative needs to describe the activities. Alternatively, we could have listed the component activities of each process step in the process box. We could have added the following to the pre-write box in the graphic: Audience analysis Article objective Preliminary research Of course, instead of simply listing the activities, we would also expect to elaborate, so that the reader ultimately understands the scope and objective of each activity. This elaboration is certainly not advisable in the graphic under any circumstances; it’s too much detail. A good default practice is to provide just the big picture in the figure, as shown, and then provide details in the supporting narrative, thereby integrating the graphic and the text. Indeed, in the given example, because of the missing detail, the reader, looking at the graphic, is implicitly encouraged to ask questions and to look to the text to fill in the blanks. For the writer, the high-level graphic is a wonderful organizing mechanism. Given Figure 1 as a starting point, the writer is now in a position to rattle off the details in the supporting text. Without the figure, the task of describing the flow in words, and then adding detail, is substantially more difficult. You may be interested in beginner guide:How to Become a Technical Writer Integrating Tables and Text The question of level of detail may be answered differently for a table, which is inherently a text-intensive form of graphic. You should strive to make the table fairly self-explanatory, leveraging the table structure for showing the reader relationships among data elements. As with other graphics, the table is intended to augment the narrative – typically to strengthen an argument or to illustrate a relationship among data elements. You still need to make the connection for the reader between the table and the argument, or between the table and the relationship being illustrated. For example, consider Table 1a and Table 1b. Let’s suppose we are a contractor bidding on a government solicitation, requiring three labor categories, with the minimum experience and education levels for each category shown in Table 1a. We want to show that our proposed candidates for each category meet the experience and education thresholds, as shown in Table 1b. It may be evident to the reader who examines the two tables carefully that each candidate meets the minimum education and experience requirements of the appropriate category. However, we want to make that point explicitly in the narrative, to make sure the reader understands it. Again, we are integrating the table with the narrative. Report formatting is one of the skills we teach in our technical writing course [Learn More]. Avoid Decoration A decoration is defined as a graphic that seems to have a vague relationship to the subject of the given article, but is actually content-free – it adds absolutely nothing to the reader’s understanding of the subject at hand. For example, in an article discussing the job description of a software developer, an illustration like Figure 2, taken from a free imagewebsite, would be considered a decoration. Figure 2. A decoration is a content-free graphic. (Incidentally, such a decoration could do more harm than good in today’s politically fraught environment. For example, does the photo imply that women and persons of color don’t qualify as developers? Is that a message that we want to convey?) Make Sure the Graphic is Legible Figure 3 is actually a copy of Figure 2, but very hard to read. The gray text on the light blue background offers insufficient contrast; the type size is only seven points (vs. 10 points in Figure 1); all of the text is in upper case (vs. upper and lower case in Figure 1). You can ruin a good piece with poorly designed graphics. Figure 3. A poorly designed graphic. This issue of graphic legibility is particularly significant when the graphic is a screen shot. How often do you see a screen shot illustrating use of some software tool, or showing the result of a user action, that is totally unreadable? One way to solve the problem is to zoom in on a portion of the screen, so that the text is large enough to be legible. Another is to replace the screen shot with a drawing of the screen that has readable text. What other methods would you use to make your screen shots legible? Let us know in the comments section below!

The Beginnings of the American Red Cross

The Beginnings of the American Red Cross The American Red Cross is an organization of volunteers that provides humanitarian relief during disasters and helps people to become able to deal with emergencies. The formation of the American Red Cross can be traced back to the mid-nineteenth century. During this time, there was much bloodshed in the U.S. because of the Civil War. A woman by the name of Clara Barton provided on-scene care to many soldiers during the war and identified those that had fallen after it was over. Providing these services helped her to realize her true calling in life-that call being to respond to human need. After working with the International Red Cross in Europe during the Franco-Prussian War, Clara became inspired and eventually laid the foundation of the American Red Cross. Thus, the beginnings of the American Red Cross rest mainly on the shoulders of one woman, Clara Barton.Clara Barton was born December 25, 1821, at North Oxford Massachusetts."French mutilà © before being fitted with a mask by.. .She lived a childhood as any other girl during that era and became a school teacher at the age of seventeen. At the age of thirty-three, Clara had to give up school teaching because of trouble with her throat. She moved to Washington, D.C., where she became a copyist in the U.S. Patent Office. She eventually worked her way up to become the confidential clerk to the Commissioner of Patents, Charles Mason. She worked there until 1957 when President Buchanan ousted Mason and appointed a Democrat as Commissioner of Patents. The patent office invited Clara back in 1860. She jumped at the chance and picked up where she had left off. During her time in Washington, Barton had made many strong political relationships which would help her on her journey. One of those relationships was with Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts. After the...

Motivation and empowerment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Motivation and empowerment - Assignment Example Charlotte and the reactions of the employees to those demands because it argues that various employees needs should be recognized and varied rewards be given to them according to their individual needs (Daft 2011). The first option is that she be paid salary according to her level of production as stated by Taylor’s theory minus commissions. The second option is that she be paid on commission basis according to the sales she makes. The option I choose is that of commission basis minus salary because it will avoid complains by fellow employees as she will receive pay according to her hard work (Daft 2011). Mayo’s theory which states that pay alone does not satisfy employees but social needs such as treating employees in a humane and caring manner can be applied to boost the employees’ morale (Daft 2011). It is clear from the passage that the employees are demoralized and they need to be motivated by showing them how important they are so that they will not see as if Charlotte is given a royal treatment than them. Also Maslow and Herzberg theory that states that individual needs of employees should be recognized and rewarded accordingly be applied (Daft

Effects of Rising Economic Role of China on High Levels of Essay

Effects of Rising Economic Role of China on High Levels of Unemployment in the EU and USA - Essay Example ble effects of China’s economic strength on unemployment rates in the European Union states and the United States can also be explored by understanding the primary causes of unemployment in the two regions because a review of factors into high unemployment rates in the region identifies vulnerability to a foreign economic force. The European Union states regulate their labour market and this influences unemployment rates among the Union’s states. Carbaugh explains that the level of inflexibility in a country’s labour industry is directly proportional to the country’s unemployment rates as employers manage regulatory constraints to ensure their fair share of profit. Laws for protection of employees’ rights and minimum wage laws are legal factors in the region that force employers to resort to alternative cost cutting strategies such as reducing number of employees. Strong labour unions also force pay and initiates similar counter measures into high u nemployment rates as employers struggle to balance their expenses. The relatively cheaper exports from China will however offer a more profitable venture and paralyse the regions’ production industries to increase unemployment rates (Carbaugh 2010, p. 257- 259). The types of unemployment that are significant among the European Union countries further identify microeconomic factors into the region’s high unemployment rates. â€Å"Frictional, structural, and seasonal unemployment† mean that economies are not flexible enough to align their human resource potentials with their dynamic labour markets. Payments for unemployment benefits in the region also accounts for significant rate of unemployment because people do not feel a mandatory need for work and may not make necessary efforts to gain necessary skills for... This essay aims to provide an economic outlook for the level of unemployment in the European Union and the United States, in connection with rising levels of their imports of goods and services from China. Effects of globalization have been significant in different regions of the world, both negative and positive. China has for example emerged to be an economic giant while western countries have continued to suffer from high unemployment rates. The trend in China’s economic growth is one of the indicators of the effects of its economy on unemployment rates in the European Union and the United States. China has continually expanded its economy and its exports, a factor that has undermined manufacturing activities in other countries Possible effects of China’s economic strength on unemployment rates in the European Union states and the United States can be explored by understanding the primary causes of unemployment in two regions. The level of inflexibility in European Union labour industry is directly proportional to the unemployment rates as employers manage regulatory constraints to ensure their fair share of profit. The US is poor in natural resources and heavily relies on imports for its production processes that utilizes natural resources and may also for the nation to import finished products from nations like China. It can only rely on technology and education to enhance its business activities and reduce its unemployment rates but is under significant threat to suffer from unemployment effects of globalization.

Internal Proposal - Oklahoma State University Research

Internal - Oklahoma State University - Research Proposal Example The paper "Internal Proposal - Oklahoma State University" concerns the Oklahoma State University, Mechanical Engineering department and aims to research on the cancellation of online classes. The cancellation of online classes leads to a lose-lose situation in both student and institution bodies. The main goal of this proposal paper is to find out why the online classes was cancelled and also to supply sufficient information to the reader; Miss Kristi Wheeler. Who is the manager of distance education programs in Oklahoma State University so as to solve the predicament relating to the cancellation of online classes. Methodology method is inclusive of the collection of three facts points of primary research. This included interviews with the proper administration, questioners with students and evaluation with consultants. Data collected will aid in the evaluation for the need for maintaining online classes. Three essential features are based on those students who use online classes, de partments which offer online classes, and other people who use online classes. Approach based on the collection of data is explained from these three features. In the course of the research, Director of Disability services was interviewed; the findings are in this section. A summary of the secondary research sources follows finally. This includes the online classes’ literature, benchmarking and online classes’ statistics. A questionnaire consisting of several questions was made up for the students. The aim was to know how the students perceive the issue of withdrawing or maintaining online classes and its benefits to students. The questions ranged from asking the students if they have taken online classes, the reasons for taking online classes, and a section for grading reasons for taking online classes on a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 being the lowest (poor) score and 5 being the highest score (excellent). The students were also asked to comment on several aspects regardi ng online classes. The other part of the questionnaire asked the students if they planned to take online classes in future, if they thought online classes were worthwhile and if they thought online classes should be banished. The questionnaire also contained a section that required the students to comment more about the issue of online classes, their individual suggestion concerned the improvement and benefits of online classes. Distribution of questionnaires to the students was done by one of the administrators of the Engineering Department. The questionnaires were completed over a period of a week (March 4-11) and set in a selected place in the department. Surveys were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. In regard to quantitative analysis, each aspect of the online classes was conducted on how the students rated it; poor (1), fair (2), good (3), exceptionally good (4) and excellent (5). Total rating number for every location was also calculated. This was done because not ev ery student uses writing center. In regard to qualitative analysis, the students’ comments for each aspect of online classes were compiled. Observations and recommendations of the students were linked so as to obtain a better understanding of the need to maintain online classes. Broader categories and themes were generated by us the researchers. Secondary research Results from the data collected The

Demonstrate your understanding of the teachers role in engaging Essay

Demonstrate your understanding of the teachers role in engaging children fully and actively in the learning process in each of the core subjects - Essay Example The authors further point out that educational institution have also put in place measures and policies that are aimed at developing the teaching practice effectively(Siegler & Alibali, 2005). In addition, a tutor’s success is measured by their ability to enhance learning of their student psychologically, socially and emotionally. The responsibility of tutors has developed to more than just academic duties. This has enhanced learning activities in institutions as students are exposed to more thanjust skillsin academics. This has increased the productivity of students produced in the society. As much as changes in learning processes have been implemented, there a lot of requirements from teachers that needs to be made. Educationalists have generated strategies and policies required for teachers to put in place. These strategies are aimed at improving teacher performance as well as increase their role in actively and fully involving students in learning processes. This requireme nt has been successful as tutors, institutions and stakeholders have generated more ways and means of making the teaching profession more effective. This paper will analyze the role of tutors in fully and actively involving students in the learning processes. The paper will include requirements and recommendations that are required from teachers to make their role more productive. Apart from learning processes, the paper will highlight other requirements from teacher that makes their role more versatile. Generally, this paper will focus on effective teaching and learning styles, scaffold learning, assessment strategies and the importance of understanding child development in the teaching profession. Learning styles are defined as different ways that people learn and enabled to incorporate learning materials. Apart from learning programs, learning styles are the most appropriate ways that people are able to learn and incorporate information and learning

CSR- Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

CSR- Accounting - Essay Example Numerous multidimensional and global issues are inculcated in its umbrella that has strategic implications for the business and its policy makers. It is concerned not only with what the business does with its profits but also with how it obtains them. Corporate social responsibility, in other words, addresses how the company manages its economic, social and environmental impacts along with its stakeholder’s relationships in all the key spheres of influence (SEEP, 2009). With the modern advent of the concept of corporate social responsibility, it is now expected of the businesses and the companies in general to be transparent and accountable in terms of their social performance. This idea of corporate social responsibility both reflects as well as drives the societies’ changing customs along with the social roles the businesses are expected to play (SEEP, 2009). In other words corporate social responsibility is basically about what the organizations do in order to be socially responsible. It encompasses the way the company’s managers respond to the diverse expectations that its stakeholders have from the company in terms of stakeholder management, issues management, as well as environmental scanning (Black, 2006). In view of the neo-liberal economists the concept of its contribution to the society was thought completely absurd. Despite the formation of a welfare state in the post war years, notable efforts had started initiating for engaging the businesses in society. However, increasing constraints were put on social aspirations of businesses following the expansion of corporate economy throughout 1940’s and 50’s. While, 1970 onwards the general interest of businesses towards corporate responsibility started to rise again which was finally consolidated in the 1980’s (Marinetto, 1999). Corporate social responsibility got developed due to the extension of a few contributing factors, such as the advent of the

Employment law 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Employment law 5 - Essay Example minating potential employees especially with the belief that those involved in unions has a better and strong voice when it comes to airing their grievances. Moreover, it shows that the employer does not respect the employment law at all cost. The Labor Management Relations (Taft -Hartley) Act of 1947 dictates that employees should be allowed to join labor organizations with a collective bargain. Moreover, it does not permit the employers and unions from involving themselves in specific labor practices that are unfair hence, ensures and pursued employers and unions in engaging in collective bargaining, in good faith. In essence, the employers are proscribed from intimidating, coercing or even firing employees for exercising their rights to form unions or even become members of various unions especially when hiring them (Goldman, and Corrada 74). State â€Å"sunshine† laws require the release of all documents relating to state business. Are employees’ personal emails subject to public disclosure? Or do state employees retain privacy in personal emails? Although the sunshine laws of the United States dictate that all documents relating to state business should be released. Employee’ personal emails are not subject to public disclosure not unless the emails are related to a criminal offence that should only be handled by the Law enforcement act. In essence, Goldman, and Corrada 87 argues that, the federal and state law does not allow employers to ask or compel the employees to give details that are not related to work or state business. This is seen as a way of intimidation or intrusion of private life. Hence, state employees’ have a right to retain privacy in personal emails away from their state business a fact that has been echoed by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 all based in the United States of

Demonstrate your understanding of the teachers role in engaging Essay

Demonstrate your understanding of the teachers role in engaging children fully and actively in the learning process in each of the core subjects - Essay Example The authors further point out that educational institution have also put in place measures and policies that are aimed at developing the teaching practice effectively(Siegler & Alibali, 2005). In addition, a tutor’s success is measured by their ability to enhance learning of their student psychologically, socially and emotionally. The responsibility of tutors has developed to more than just academic duties. This has enhanced learning activities in institutions as students are exposed to more thanjust skillsin academics. This has increased the productivity of students produced in the society. As much as changes in learning processes have been implemented, there a lot of requirements from teachers that needs to be made. Educationalists have generated strategies and policies required for teachers to put in place. These strategies are aimed at improving teacher performance as well as increase their role in actively and fully involving students in learning processes. This requireme nt has been successful as tutors, institutions and stakeholders have generated more ways and means of making the teaching profession more effective. This paper will analyze the role of tutors in fully and actively involving students in the learning processes. The paper will include requirements and recommendations that are required from teachers to make their role more productive. Apart from learning processes, the paper will highlight other requirements from teacher that makes their role more versatile. Generally, this paper will focus on effective teaching and learning styles, scaffold learning, assessment strategies and the importance of understanding child development in the teaching profession. Learning styles are defined as different ways that people learn and enabled to incorporate learning materials. Apart from learning programs, learning styles are the most appropriate ways that people are able to learn and incorporate information and learning

Employment law 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Employment law 5 - Essay Example minating potential employees especially with the belief that those involved in unions has a better and strong voice when it comes to airing their grievances. Moreover, it shows that the employer does not respect the employment law at all cost. The Labor Management Relations (Taft -Hartley) Act of 1947 dictates that employees should be allowed to join labor organizations with a collective bargain. Moreover, it does not permit the employers and unions from involving themselves in specific labor practices that are unfair hence, ensures and pursued employers and unions in engaging in collective bargaining, in good faith. In essence, the employers are proscribed from intimidating, coercing or even firing employees for exercising their rights to form unions or even become members of various unions especially when hiring them (Goldman, and Corrada 74). State â€Å"sunshine† laws require the release of all documents relating to state business. Are employees’ personal emails subject to public disclosure? Or do state employees retain privacy in personal emails? Although the sunshine laws of the United States dictate that all documents relating to state business should be released. Employee’ personal emails are not subject to public disclosure not unless the emails are related to a criminal offence that should only be handled by the Law enforcement act. In essence, Goldman, and Corrada 87 argues that, the federal and state law does not allow employers to ask or compel the employees to give details that are not related to work or state business. This is seen as a way of intimidation or intrusion of private life. Hence, state employees’ have a right to retain privacy in personal emails away from their state business a fact that has been echoed by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 all based in the United States of

Financing of Home Care Essay Example for Free

Financing of Home Care Essay In United States of America, health is an interesting topic in the society that does not only influence the well being of millions of Americans, but also influences the strength of Americas’ economy. This nation spends more on health care per person than any other nations. America is said to be having the highest infant mortality rates and a relatively low average lifespan. (Baer, 1989) For many families, lack of Health care is the source of vulnerability for the household’s economic status, as sickness or injury without health care can be a financial burden pushing families to poverty. According to the Census Bureau, the number of Americans having Private health coverage has fallen by one percent in the recent years. Home care is a term that is used to refer to the services that are usually provided in the home. They include giving patients professional services from physiotherapist, social workers and nurses. There is also the use of supplies, inclusion of therapies and incorporation of durable medical equipment. (Baer, 1989) The government has set the rules that have to be followed by each and every home care. In the home care, a range of services are therefore provided to the patients. The services include home making services, medication administration, blood transfusions, physical and occupational therapists among other services. Medicare on the other hand covers the home care services for the patients that have the following characteristics; †¢ They receive services from a Medicare †¢ They are under the physician’s care plan †¢ Those that are homebound †¢ Those that need nursing care that is very much skilled or physical therapy There are various ways through which homecare is financed. They include the following; †¢ Government funds †¢ Volunteers †¢ Commercial insurers †¢ Donations or charities †¢ Patients These are the major ways that home care systems are financed. Research reveals that systems are not for making profits. Looking at the various sources of finance for home care, there are different percentages of income that comes from each source. The government in most cases gives the highest percentage of income to the home care. This is approximately sixty percent of the total amount sourced. Donations then follow next with twenty percent. (Ehrenreich, 1970) Commercial insurers give approximately ten percent of the total amount of money that is used in the homecare systems. Patients are normally charged a small fee when they visit the home system and this amount to approximately five percent of the total revenue. There are normally volunteers who help out in providing some of the services free of charge and this helps to ease the burden of the costs that are incurred. Research reveals that there exists a very good relationship between the financiers and the homecare system. There is no one who ever wants to give his or her money without wanting to know how it has been used. Taking an example of the government as the main source of finance for homecare systems, it is always concerned with the faring on of the home care. (Ehrenreich, 1970) The government is normally very concerned with issues that affect home care especially in relation to the finances therein. The administrators of the home cares normally have the responsibility of giving account of how the finances have been spent in the home care. Looking at it from the administrator’s point of view, they normally wish that the government would do more than just send the finances to them but actually be more concerned with the whole project or the issues taking place in the home care system. To the administrators, the finances that are given by the government are not sufficient to cater for everything in the system and therefore planning becomes very hard in such a situation. The patients on the other hand are very grateful that the government decided to cater partly for their services given in the homecare because they don’t pay a lot of money. Research carried out in the year 2006 May in the United States amongst various patients reveal that patients come from different social status. There are those from affluent families, middle and then low income families. (Schaeffer, 2002) For the low income patients, the amount of funds that are given by the government are not enough because this compels the system administrators to charge them a fee which to them is a lot comparing it to their level of income. The patients who have middle income think that the government’s support is fair and they as patients can now afford it. For the affluent, they do not even feel the pinch of giving the little cash for getting services in the homecare but nevertheless acknowledge that the government is of great help. Donations and charities in form of funds given to the home care are given by organizations and individuals. There are various non-governmental organizations that give their donations to home care systems. According to the administrators in home care systems, donations and charities help a great deal in the smooth running of the systems. They concur that without the help of these non-governmental organizations, and then they could not have managed to do so many things in the home care systems. Patients also as stakeholders are grateful to the invaluable help of non-governmental organizations and individuals for this has enabled very many of them to access services that they could have otherwise not been able to. According to the administrators, the help given by no-governmental organizations though it helps it is not sufficient and therefore much still needs to be done. Looking at the relationship of the non-governmental organizations with the home care systems, one can say that there exists good relationship as the NGOs normally try to catch up on how the home cares are faring on. Research reveals that the relationship of the financier with the homecare is very important. A part from the financial help, there needs to be a mutual relationship between these two parties so that they can understand each other well. Looking at the provider or the financiers’ point of view, there is so much expectation from the home care system. From the government’s point of view, home cares expect so much from the government and there is the tendency to think that the government has got a lot of money lying idle which can be used in the home care system. According to the officials in the government of United States, the administrators have to know that the government is doing its best to see to it that these systems are run smoothly without financial strain. This is done so that every citizen benefits from these services and especially those from low income families per say. (Warren, 2005) Conclusion In home care, mostly the medical services are given in the home. In this case the patients are given professional services by nurses, social workers and home care assistants. These services include physiotherapy. Each and every home care system has to follow the rules that are set up by the government. (Strunk and Gabel, 2002) Home care systems are financed by various stakeholders. They include the following; the government, donations from individuals and from non-governmental organizations, small fee paid by the patients and from commercial insurers. Among these sources the government gives the highest percentage of finances to the home care systems. This is sixty percent of the total finances in the home care systems. According to the administrators in home cares, this amount is not sufficient to cater for all the needs in home cares. They say that the government needs to add more funds. According to the patients, the government is really playing a big role in enabling them to access these important services. (Strunk, and Gabel, 2002) To the low income patients, the funds are not enough and they should be increased so that they (patients) pay much lesser than what they are currently paying. The relationship that exists between financers and the home care systems is good. The administrators however say that the financiers need to be more concerned with all the activities that take place in the home care. Government officials say that home care administrators expect so much from them but they are doing their best to see to it that the home care systems do not strain financially at all. Reference Baer, H. (1989): The American Dominative Medical System as Reflection of Social elations in the Larger Society. Social Science and Medicine, 28(11):1103-1112 Ehrenreich, J. (1970): The American Health Empire: Power, Profits and Politics; NY Random House, Schaeffer, S. (2002): Rising Health-Care Expenses Outpace U. S. GDP Growth, HealthCare costs rose 9. 3% in 2002 PP 207-217 Strunk, B. and Gabel, J. (2002): Tracking health care costs- Growth accelerates again In 2001; Health affairs; Pp 45-67 Warren, E. (2005): Sick and Broke; New York; Melbourne Press

Public Opinions of UFOs and Previous Research

Public Opinions of UFOs and Previous Research DO THE OPINIONS PEOPLE HAVE ABOUT UFOS PROVE THAT UFOS ARE THERE? Introduction Edward U. Condon, 1968, defined UFO (short for unidentified flying object), as an object seen in the sky and thought to be capable of flight , which observers could not identify. Most scientists studying UFOs adopt such a definition. According to Ruppelt,1956, the first reported photograph of a UFO was made on July 4th, 1947 in Seattle, Washington. Edward U. Condon, 1968 presented a scientific study on UFOs, which influenced the research of UFOs. Since that time, Mutual UFO Network (MUFON), Center for UFO (CUFOS) Centre Nationale d~tudes Spatiale Studies (CNES) Group d~tude des Phhnom5mes Ahrospatiaux Non-Identifiis (GEPAN) has emerged to carried out UFO research. (P. A. Sturroc, 1987). The UFO phenomenon has puzzled the public and the scientist for almost half centuries. According to Patricia B. Corbett, 2015, about 70% American believed that UFOs were real at the beginning of the 21st century. Literature review Don Berliner, 1995, UFO was reported in Government Statements, some was discovered by Radar , some was witnessed by narrator , some was observed by telescope. The Air Force Environmental Technical Applications Center released 3,200 UFO reports received during 1947 -1952. According to Menkello, F.V.,1969, Most UFOs could be observed in daylight with simple geometric shapes: spheres, discs, cylinders and triangles. Gillmor, Daniel S.1969 reported two witnesses observed UFO, silvery, metallic disc-shaped ,10m diameter as well the geometric, psychological and physical factors investigated . The purpose of this study is to establish whether the opinions of the public in regards to UFOs prove the existence of UFOs. Nearly all of the world’s populaces that have held in reserve written accounts of epochs gone by havedocumented the hearings and sightings of weird objects and illumination in the firmament. These objects have often been depicted as gleaming wheels, colored orbs light beams, and diskshaped bits and pieces. In the present day, inexplicable airborne phenomena are in general known as or rather christened- unidentified flying objects (UFOs) or flying saucers. Innumerable accounts of UFO sightings are present and are properly acknowledged in the literature of the study of the class of UFOs. This area of study is extensively known as ufology (Jacobs, 1975). I will discuss various literary works on whether the opinions people have about UFOs prove that UFOs are there. This paper will critique the literary works as well as answer questions like whether there are really UFOs in existence? Whether the reports on the existence of UFOs are conclusive? Different literary works will be examined and critiqued to make a final conclusion on the farfetched ideology of UFOs. The author’s individual records consist of the prime case papers of various past literary works. There are also almost certainly a few aural discussions with key onlookers to the apparent existence. This is a minor primary data base matched up to with the bona fide long-standing case investigators in the field. Some of them are in possession of or have ready contact to the USAF Project Bluebook microfilms consist of all accessible project exploratory papers from the year 1947 to the year 1969 recording almost thirteen thousand sightings. Informal readers would be implausible to encounter an opportunity to interpret such documented documentation even if they aspire to. The closest that such a booklover can get to such data is to interpret either a comprehensive exploration of an exact case assembled by a key case investigator or compilation of facts (Menzel Tavez, 1977). An immense pool of scientific information on UFOs can mostly be found only in the published accounts of witnesses. In addition to it, it can be tapped by the vigilant investigation of particulars in distinct well-documented proceedings or in the amalgamation from many analogous instances. Legitimacy of the facts is guaranteed when the records comprise of scientific information that possibly will not probably have been acknowledged to the witnesses. Oddly enough, evidence from uncomplicated, normal people can as a result be the most priceless. It is necessary to put one’s interest upon the observable fact documented rather than the personality of the witness or supplementary diversionary matters. At the time a UFO generates some noticeable outcome in our surroundings, it should be acquiescent to methodical investigation; that is, it is supposed to have a rational elucidation. As a consequence, proficient examination of UFO sightings and stories will more often than not unveil t he precise mechanism that generates the pragmatic effect, or at least recognize one that may be dependable. All experimental consequences of UFOs, apart from entirely mechanical procedures and objects, carry propositions of gravitational and electromagnetic fields in their locality. The impacts that the sightings of extra terrestrial beings or rather objects can bear an unfavorable influence onthe populace if predisposed in the wrong way. There is no concrete attestation that shows that UFOs arein existence, nevertheless scores of the reported sightings cannot be verified otherwise. The facts from the mainstream media, stories, ora person’s own understanding may time and again manipulate what someone perceives to be true. Various administrations had onceavowed that they had gotten a hold of some extra terrestrial beings and objects. On theconverse, a good number of scientists currently seem to be in agreement that approximately all sightings and accounts ofextra terrestrial beings and objects are not bona fide. Since the year 1948, the United States of America administration has proceedingsof many UFO sightings, including photos of alleged UFOs andinterviews with people who claim to have seen them. In view of the fact that UFOs were cut out as an impendin g security threat the details on these sightings were in the beginningtaken as state secret. As soon as the report was soon after declassified itgave evidence that 90 percent of each and every UFO sightings could be explained without any difficulty (Craig, 1995). The past accounts of UFO sightings and their societal and opinionated perspective and consequences comprises of the extensive subject matter of this study and offers a position for scrutiny of how experts deal with both in public and in confidence, incongruities that come out in relevance to science. The systematic appraisal of unidentified flying objects, specially undertaken by the Air Force in the year 1968 and christened as the Condon Report; accords a multifaceted case for the investigation of how the results and conclusions of the exploration were predisposed by all that had transpired on before in the area of ufology (Hauck, 1976). As per the deductions of this case study on how experts conduct themselves when faced with uncharacteristic phenomena, one could investigate substitute models that may be productive to the study of contentious research topics. One may carry out a textual investigation of Air Force intelligence of UFOs and evaluate them with sighting accounts of the public. The proof concerning UFOs incidental and sprouts from individual authentication and eyewitness stories, which are not approved as conclusive evidence; the witnesses act as the tool of breakthrough. In ufology, the most important researchers are proletarian; as a consequence the proof is indefinite and colored by the standpoint and structure of allusion of the individual researcher. Currently, there are many accounts on diverse aspects of the UFO phenomena based on people’s opinions but this does not validate their existence. Don Berliner et al, 1995 presented case history of UFOs during the period 1944-1994.These cases were from thousands of unexplained UFO reports. Some were witnessed by expert, some were described in detail. Some were authenticated . they formed the basis of the UFO mystery. These case histories offered clear patterns for research and should not be consider as collection of disparate observational errors. Each of the cases represented one or more characteristics of UFO reports: physical traces, radar/visual detection, air-to-air sightings and multiple witness observations etc. Most of these cases involved government activity to some extent. Research  Questions The question in studies of UFO photographs is â€Å"does the report have any probative value in establishing the existence of UFO?† and the secondary question is â€Å"what is the final explanation of each photograph?†(Edward U. Condon, 1968) Don Berliner et al, 1995 said the primary question â€Å"if UFOs are so different from all known phenomena, what are they?† still remained. Patricia B. Corbett ,2015 give his answer to the two question â€Å"What is needed to change the prevailing view of mainstream science concerning UFOs?† and â€Å"what do scientists need to conduct a serious investigation of the UFO phenomenon?† Paul Hill,1995 discusses the question Why UFOs Tilt to Maneuver? in his book â€Å"Unconventional Flying Objects: A Scientific Analysis† CUFOS, 2015, gave the public the answer of the following question:† What are UFOs?†,† Who sees UFOs?† , â€Å" What do UFOs look like?† and â€Å"How fast do they move?† Sturrock, Peter A., 1999 answered the question â€Å"If UFOs are real, shouldnt they produce some real physical effects?† Methodology Edward U. Condon, 1968, carried out a UFO research base on convincing case of photographic evidence and scientific investigation, but Hynek, J. S. (1972) and P. A. STURROC (1987) make specific criticisms on the methodology. A panel of the national academy of sciences, 1968 pointed out that the methodology and approach in were in accordance with accepted standards of scientific investigation. Hynek, J. S. (1972) developed the Close Encounter classification system which was considered as scientific analysis methods for UFOs. Jacques F. Vallee, 1990 carried out A survey of ten cases of UFOs. According to P. A. STURROC, 1987, investigation with one or more considered Extra-terrestrial Hypothesis was carried out in most scientific research. Scientists need conduct a serious investigation of the UFO phenomenon as the following steps :firstly to observe a physical phenomenon by their own eyes; secondly to formulate a hypothesis about the phenomenon; thirdly to carry out experiments to test the hypothesisv fourthly to draw a conclusions based on the results of the tests. Although today’s scientists are interested in UFOs, they refuse to look into the telescope and unwilling to become involved publicly. (Patricia B. Corbett ,2015). The scientific method should be open minded in the data collecting and analysis without prejudice. Sturrock, Peter A., 1999 represented a reasonable overview of the physical realities of UFOs.Sturrock, Peter A. began his study with a review of the historically important Condon Report and considered it scientifically flawed. Sturrock, Peter A’s The UFO Enigma addressed the presentations based on substantial evidence. Sturrock also addressed trace evidence which reported landings of UFOs. References A panel of the national academy of sciences,1968 ,review of the university of colorado report on unidentified flying objects, retrieved on Feb,15th ,2015 from http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/homeland_defense/UFOs/nas_re1.pdf Craig, Roy. UFOs: An Insiders View of the Official Quest for Evidence. Denton, Texas: University of North Texas Press, 1995. CUFOS , What are UFOs? Center for UFO Studies , retrieved on Feb,15th,2015 from http://www.cufos.org/faq_english_p1.html Don Berliner, Marie Galbraith and Antonio Huneeus UNIDENTIFIED FLYING OBJECTS BRIEFING DOCUMENT ;THE BEST AVAILABLE EVIDENCE , CUFONS, FUFOR, MUFON ,December 1995, retrieved on Feb,15th,2015 from http://www.openminds.tv/wp-content/uploads/Rockefeller-Briefing-Document.pdf Edward U. Condon, 1968, Scientific study of unidentified flying objects, released in 1999, retrieved on Feb, 15, 2015, from http://www.avia-it.com/act/biblioteca/libri/PDF_Libri_By_Archive.org/AVIATION/Final report of the Scientific study of Unidentified Flying Objects Condon E..pdf Gillmor, Daniel S., ed., Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects, New York Times Books, 1969. Hauck, Dennis W., Editor, â€Å"Pilot Experiences Electromagnetic Effects,† The MUFON UFO Journal, No. 107, p.11, October 1976. Hill, Paul R.1995, Unconventional Flying Objects: A Scientific Analysis , Hampton Roads Publishing Company, Inc., Charlottesville VA. ISBN 1-57174-027-9 Hynek, J. S. (1972). The UFO experience. Chicago: Henry Regnery Jacobs, David M. The UFO Controversy in America. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1975. Jacques F. Vallee, Physical Analyses in Ten Cases of Unexplained Aerial Objects with Material Samples Journal of Scientific Exploration, 1990 Menzel, Donald and Ernest Taves The UFO Enigma: The Definitive Explanation of the UFO Phenomenon. New York, 1977. Menkello, F.V., Quantitative Aspects of Mirages, USAF Environmental Technical Applications Center, 1969. P. A. Sturroc, An Analysis of the Condon Report on the Colorado UFO Project, Journal of Scientific Exploration, Vol. I, No. I, pp. 75-100. 1987 Patricia B. Corbett , UFOs A Challenge to Mainstream Science, retrieved on Feb,15th, 2015, http://www.ufoevidence.org/documents/doc569.htm Ruppelt,1956, F.J., the report on unidentified flying objects, Garden City, N.Y. doubleday, 1956. Sturrock, Peter A. The UFO Enigma: A New Review of the Scientific Evidence New York: Time Warner, 1999

The War on Drugs and U.S. Foreign Policy Essay -- American Drug Policy

Introduction The War on Drugs has been a common phrase in the United States for many decades. What exactly does this mean and how does it shape U.S. foreign policy? The War on Drugs can be defined as the systematic and aggressive policy that is determined to undermine and stop the flow of illegal drugs into the United States. This policy is backed by several U.S. institutions including the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), U.S. Army, U.S. Coast Guard, and U.S. Customs. Also, included in this list are the numerous local law enforcement agencies across the country. The U.S. government has instituted the following ways for enforcing its foreign drug policy: interdiction, eradication, legislative reform. Interdiction is the attempt to stop drugs as they are en route to the United States. This remains to be a formidable task; because of the enormous size of the United States, policing its vast borders has proven to be extremely difficult. For example, the United States has over 12,000 miles of shoreline, through 300 ports of legal entry, and over 7,500 miles of border with Canada and Mexico. The jurisdiction of these border points fall under all of the above mentioned agencies and military branches. Herein lays the first problem of foreign policy on drugs, determining which agency/branch has rightful control over which part of the border. The DEA and FBI have overlapping roles in when it comes to enforcing drug policy. Miscommunication often happens when attempting to interdict drugs because of overlapping jurisdiction between two governme nt agencies. According to the Drug Policy Alliance, the United States has spent over $25 billion on s... ...ment with local towns to pinpoint the appropriate crops to be exterminated. Strong legal punishment is needed to deter would be drug traffickers from committing crimes. All of these crucial steps need to be followed in order to start winning the war on drugs. Works Cited http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/library/basicfax.htm#q7 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/co.html#Econ http://www.usdoj.gov/dea/pubs/intel/02006/#4c http://www.tni.org/drugs/pubs/drugsum.htm http://www.drugpolicy.org/news/02_12_03fuzzy.cfm http://www.drugpolicy.org/global/drugpolicyby/latinamerica/ http://www.drugwarfacts.org/military.htm http://www.drugwar.com/interdiction.shtm http://www.fpif.org/briefs/vol6/v6n22andes.html http://www.globalpolicy.org/empire/intervention/2004/0512colombia.htm http://www.tni.org/drugs/research/airbridg.htm

Computer Programming :: essays research papers fc

Computer Programming Choosing to do a research on a career can be a little easier to do when you have some or a general knowledge a particular field of work. There are many different types of jobs one can decide to undertake, one of which is in the most popular line of work today: Computer Programming. Although this line of work might seem a little tiresome but you might find it enjoyable by people with lots of patience and the will to do long and tidious work. Most programmers in large corporations work in teams, with each person focusing on a specific aspect of the total project(AOL). Programmers write the detailed instructions for a computer to follow. A computer programmer carefully studies the program that best suits the employer needs. They may also work for a large computer corporation developing new software and/or improving older versions of these programs. Programmers write specific programs by breaking down each step into a logical series of hours of writing programs, the programmer must follow. After long hours of writing programs, the programmer must thoroughly testing and revising it. Generally, programmers create software by using the following a basic step-by-step development process: (1) Define the scope of the program by outlining exactly what the program will do. (2) Plan the sequence of computer operations, usually by developing a flowchart (a diagram showing the order of computer actions and data flow). (3) Write the code--the program instructions encoded in a particular programming language. (4) Test the program. (5) Debug the program (eliminate problems in program logic and correct incorrect usage of the programming language). (6) Submit the program for beta testing, in which users test the program extensively under real-life conditions to see whether it performs correctly(AOL) Programmers are grouped into two types: Application programmers and systems programmers. These programmers write the software that changes a basic machine into a personal tool that not only is useful for increasing productivity but also be fun and entertain the user. Applications programmers write commercial programs to be used by businesses, in scientific research centers, and in the home. Systems programmers write the complex programs that control the inner-workings of the computer. Application programmers are focused primarily on business, engineering, or science tasks, such as writing a program to direct the guidance system of a missile to its target (Information Finder). A systems programmer maintains the software that controls the operation of the entire computer system. They make changes to the instructions that controls the central processing unit, in turn, controls the computers hardware itself(FL View #475). They also help application programmers determine the source of problems that may occur with their programs. Computer Programming :: essays research papers fc Computer Programming Choosing to do a research on a career can be a little easier to do when you have some or a general knowledge a particular field of work. There are many different types of jobs one can decide to undertake, one of which is in the most popular line of work today: Computer Programming. Although this line of work might seem a little tiresome but you might find it enjoyable by people with lots of patience and the will to do long and tidious work. Most programmers in large corporations work in teams, with each person focusing on a specific aspect of the total project(AOL). Programmers write the detailed instructions for a computer to follow. A computer programmer carefully studies the program that best suits the employer needs. They may also work for a large computer corporation developing new software and/or improving older versions of these programs. Programmers write specific programs by breaking down each step into a logical series of hours of writing programs, the programmer must follow. After long hours of writing programs, the programmer must thoroughly testing and revising it. Generally, programmers create software by using the following a basic step-by-step development process: (1) Define the scope of the program by outlining exactly what the program will do. (2) Plan the sequence of computer operations, usually by developing a flowchart (a diagram showing the order of computer actions and data flow). (3) Write the code--the program instructions encoded in a particular programming language. (4) Test the program. (5) Debug the program (eliminate problems in program logic and correct incorrect usage of the programming language). (6) Submit the program for beta testing, in which users test the program extensively under real-life conditions to see whether it performs correctly(AOL) Programmers are grouped into two types: Application programmers and systems programmers. These programmers write the software that changes a basic machine into a personal tool that not only is useful for increasing productivity but also be fun and entertain the user. Applications programmers write commercial programs to be used by businesses, in scientific research centers, and in the home. Systems programmers write the complex programs that control the inner-workings of the computer. Application programmers are focused primarily on business, engineering, or science tasks, such as writing a program to direct the guidance system of a missile to its target (Information Finder). A systems programmer maintains the software that controls the operation of the entire computer system. They make changes to the instructions that controls the central processing unit, in turn, controls the computers hardware itself(FL View #475). They also help application programmers determine the source of problems that may occur with their programs.