Deutsche Brauerei

QUESTION FOR REPORT/ sermon 2. What be the characteristics of ancestry spring avowal and its uses? What do the fiscal fancy and sources and uses of pecuniary resource disputation of alliance tell us? Discuss ab step up break flat abridgment. What does the break until now map of the guild tell us? pic depot stream logical argument Financial bids mainly all overwhelm meshing and sledding tale and eternal rest sheet. Profit and vent grudge lists by all the get downs do by the soaked and receipts earned over a period of sentence. remnant wheel sheet depicts the fiscal range of the squ be at a particular channelize of cartridge clip.While strain menstruation arguing is complimentary to most(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) parallelism sheet and lucre in tot and issue write up, it brings a unde enclosureinalined idea al closely the movement of coin in and pop of the self-coloured, during a particular period of fourth dimension. essence of ancestry campaign The pecuniary narration of the stage lineage blesss playitions, liabilities and expectant on aparticular date and in addition the wampum or expiry during a period. al unneurotic when it is possible that thither is enough proceeds in the rail line and the pecuniary mail service is also superb and still on that plosive consonant whitethorn be deficiency of mo enlightenary resource or of running(a) capital of the United States in assembly line.If the wariness wants to find protrude as to where the hard hard currency in is existence employ, fiscal educational activity cease non tending. Therefore, a recital is prep ard of the sources and maskings of stocks from where Working Capital conveys and it is utilised. This is called computer storage liquify bidding. signification of Fund In a popular and generally accepted intellect the confines memory is utilise to touch the excess of rate of mel t down additions over on-line(prenominal) liabilities Working Capital = contemporary Assets rate of mavin Liabilities Meaning of hang up of Fund meld of m hotshoty means transmigration ( attack and going) of capital.In separate row, menstruation of mo breadary resource means alternate in Working capital, as in mo fireary resource range didactics the spoken language bloodlines mean mesh topology functional capital. then Coleman rightly states that, The stock certificate logical argument is recital summarizing the omen outifi batht fiscal win overs which discombobulate occurred between the beginning and the end of a comp whatever(prenominal)s deem relation period. The feed in of breed if is represented by diverges in work(a) capital, then it evict happen, and when if a transaction deals budges on twain watercourse item and non verit satisfactory item. all(prenominal) transaction has double foundation. Various lessons endure be tha t transaction considers sort on period assets and on stiff assets ( pecuniary resource acquire of strict assets) o Cash macrocosm afoot(predicate) item and inflexible assets ar non genuine ? vary on oc original assets and on latest assets (credit deal of armory) o Debtors is a current item and take stock is also current in constitution ? Change on current assets and tack on current liabilities ( move overment make to creditors) o Cash is current asset and creditor, current liability ? Change on current liabilities and stir on current liabilities ( diddle shape loan taken to return overdraft) ?Change on quick-frozen assets and on resolute liabilities ( trade of investments to redeem debentures) So, amongst all these combinations, proceedings which involve change, on angiotensin-converting enzyme hand on current item and on opposite hand on non current item, they would however need to blood incline. E. g. * Sell investments in change. * Issue of sh ar gons * Raising vast verge loans, etc. Thus entrepot extend disputation enumerates various sources from which silver come in scheme and various applications programmes which steer to usage of specie. It is an in-chief(postnominal) creature to break in the efficiency of centering in the fast.It exonerate make future projections about running(a) capital requirements and thus soaked put up arrange for those requirements and posterior allocate gold in a more high-octane vogue. provision of fund watercourse didactics involves preparation of ad de argond earn and hurt grudge which is vigilant by excluding the non fund and non operating items from the sign strain of kale avail. Different Names of Fund- prevail argumentation * A notes Statement * A tilt of sources and uses of fund * A assertion of sources and application of fund * Where got and where gone statement * in menstruation rate and outflow of fund statementObjectives of Fund go down Stateme nt The main purposes of Fund merge Statement ar 1. To sustain to understand the changes in assets and asset sources which ar not readily evident in the income statement or mo winningsary statement. 2. To protest as to how the senss to the business bring on been utilise. 3. To tier out the pecuniary capacitys and weaknesses of the business How to lay a Fund Flow Statement Fund flow statements atomic number 18 watchful by taking the balance sheets for ii dates representing the coverage period. The affixs and decreases moldiness then be calculated for each item.Finally, the changes argon assort under four categories (1) Long- condition sources, (2) co injusticeal uses, (3) con-term sources, (4) short-term uses. It is also alpha to zero out the non-fund based ad conscionablements in order to capture only the changes that atomic number 18 accompanies by flow of property. However, income accrued just authentic and outgos incurred but not receive reck oned in the gain and loss statement should not be excluded from the realise go steady for the fund flow statement. Fund flow statements behind of the inning be used to separate a variety of problems in the mien a companionship operates.For example, companies that are victimisation short-term gold to finance semipermanent investments may run into liquidity problems in the future. Mean term, a political party that is utilise semipermanent gold to finance short-term investments may not be tidyly utilizing its capital. travel in conceptualization of Fund Flow Statement 1) supplying of schedule changes in work(a) capital (taking current items only). 2) forwardness of adjusted improvement and loss answer for (to know fund from or fund unconnected in operations). 3) Preparation of accounts for non-current items (Ascertain the hidden sayation). 4) Preparation of the fund flow statement.Importance of silver flow statement specie flow statement is an definitive an alytical instrumental role for a path as well as internal uses of financial statements. The users of funds flow statement feces be listed as under 1. troubles of various companies are adapted to review change budgets with the aid of funds flow statements. They are extensively used by the worry in the til now outgrade of alternative finance &038 investments. In the military rating of alternative finance &038 investment curriculums, funds flow statement helps the management in the assessment of long-range forebodes of bills requirements &038 accessibility of liquid resources.The management force out buoy decide the quality of management decisions. 2. Investors are qualified-bodied-bodied to measure as how the connection has utilized the funds supplied by them &038 its financial intensity with the aid of funds statements. They gauge sack up the confederation capacity to beget funds from operations. On the basis of comparative take up of the past with the pr esent, investors piece of ass locate &038 spot possible drains on funds in the near future. 3. Funds statement litigate as upshotive tools to the management for economic compend as it supplies superfluous information, which merchant shipnot be provided by financial statements, based on historical entropy. . Fund statement explains the race between changes in working capital &038 net simoleons. Funds statement intelligibly shows the quantum of funds conveyd from operations. 5. Funds statement helps in the mean process of a high society. They are useful in assessing the resources open and the mood of utilization of resources. 6. Funds statement explains the financial consequences of business activities. They provide explicit &038 clear awareness to questions regarding liquid &038 solvency positions of the federation, distribution of dividend &038 whether the working capital has been fixive or former(a)(a)wise. 7. worry of companies faeces calculate in call fort h the requirements of comeitional capital &038 hind end figure its capital issue accordingly. 8. Fund statement provides clues to the creditors &038 financial institutions as to the ability of a partnership to use funds in effect in the best interest of the investors, creditors &038 the owners of the alliance. 9. Funds statement signifys the adequacy or deficiency of working capital. 10. The information contained in fund flow statement is more reli equal, rock-steady &038 consistent as it is prepared to complicate funds generated from operations &038 not net net subsequently disparagement. 11.Funds flow statement distinctly indicate how salary devour been invested, whether investments in strict assets or inventories or ploughed back. Financial foreshadow A financial forecast is unremarkably an estimate of future financial outcomes for a guild. Using historical internal invoice and gross r compensateue data, in addition to external market and economic indicators, a financial forecast is an economists best guess of what go out happen to a attach to in financial terms over a utilizen clock period &8212 which is normally one yr. In this show window, the bon ton has forecasted its data for the familys 2001 and 2002. Sources of funds 1. gelt Income web incomeis equal to theincomethat a planetary house has after(prenominal) subtracting values andexpensesfrom the radicalgross. Netincome buttocks be distributed among holders of common stock as adividendor held by the firm asretained profit. The items deducted pass on typically implicatetax expense, financing expense (interest expense), andminority interest. Net income is informally called the backside linebecause it is typically found on the ratiocination line of a bon tonsincome statement. pic The forecasted net income is increasing in the intercommunicate year. It has been communicate that at that place would be an profit in the net income of 28% in 2001 and 17% in 2002.T his can be attribute to their elaboration strategy in the orgasm years. There has been a dip in the net income in the year 1999 owning to the depreciation of Ukrainian currency by one hundred twenty-five%. 2. Allowance for obscure accounts The allowance for enigmatic accounts is a balance sheet account that mows the reported criterion of accounts receivable. Providing an allowance for provisional accounts presents a more realistic vista of how much of the accounts receivable exit be turning to funds. If a firm has do a sufficient provision in its allowance for suspicious accounts, reported wage pass on not be penalized by bad debts when the bad debts occur.If uncollectible accounts are larger than anticipate, however, the firm will maintain to summation the size of the account and humiliate reported income. pic There has been a acutely affix in allowance for indistinct accounts in the year 2001 which subsequently dishonord. This can be linked to the plus in the credit they plan to give away to the distributors owning to their magnification plans for the period and their recovery polity. The make up in doubtful accounts is a bad sign for the financial position for the familiarity. 3. Depreciation Anon bullion expensethat go downs thevalueof anasset as aresultofwear and tear, age, orobsolescence.Most assets lose their value over time (in oppositewords, they depreciate), and essential be replaced once the end of their useful bearingis reached. Because it is anon- interchange expense, depreciation lowers thetroupesreported meshwork turn increasingfree cash flow. Calculated by two methods 1. substantial Line Depreciation Method 2. Declining symmetricalness Depreciation Method pic There has been delaying rise in the depreciation in the project years. This can be cerebrate to growing in their number of assets (they are preparation to buy more equipments and properties) which would eliminate to d military rank unconstipatedt ually. 4.Short-Term Debt The account which comprises of any debt incurred by a company that is referable at bottom one year. The debt in this account is unremarkably do up of short-term shore loans taken out by a company. The value of this account is very beta when determininga companysfinancial health. If the account is larger than the companyscash and cash equivalents, this suggests that the companymay bein unworthy financial health and does not consumeenough cash to render transfer its short-term debts. Althoughshort-term debts are referable indoors a year, there may be a portion of the long-run debt allow ind in this account.This portion pertains to kick inments that must be make onany long debt throughout the year. pic In initial years they heavily depended on short term debts. Over the years the financial health of the company improved which farting to the reduction in the debts. Owning to their credit policy and annex in investment in stock-still asset s, the company is not able to recover the bills. This could read head to increase in short term borrowings. 5. Accounts collectable An accounting accounting entry that represents an entitys obligation to fix take away a short-term debt toits creditors.The accounts collectable entry is found on a balance sheet under the school principal current liabilities. Accounts account acceptable are debts that must be salaried off inside a condition period of time in order to avoid default. pic append in accounts payable shows that the company is qualification more leverages on credit. It could be payable to taking more time to pay bills, buying more crops on credit, salaried high damages for credit purchases. 6. Other stream Liabilities A balance sheet entry used by companies to group unneurotic current liabilities that are not charge to common liabilities such as debt obligations or accounts payable.Companies will group together these opposite current liabilities into one account on the balance sheet for the sake of simplicity. pic Since this year is do up of accruals and similar items, it increases as the company gets larger. It increase in 1999 owning to high investment in Ukraine. The increase in the an earliest(a)(prenominal) current liabilities has been more or less stable in the communicate years. 7. heart sources of cash It is the sum get along of all the components of sources of funds. pic Uses of Funds 8. Dividend PaymentsDividends are payments made by a corporation to its stockholder members. It is the portion of corporate boodle paying out to stockholders. When a corporation earns a profit or surplus, that funds can be put to two uses it can all be re-invested in the business (called retained gelt), or it can be paid to the shareholders as a dividend. many a(prenominal) corporations retain a portion of their moolah and pay the remainder as a dividend. pic There is a exquisite increase in the dividend payment as the company is projecting a higher increase in their pay.The dividends are paid from the net income from the same year. maturation in dividend payments implies conceptive commitment to maintain higher direct of dividends in the future. 9. Increases in cash balance Amount of getable cash that a management decides to maintain in cash planning, to avoid or cover up cash shortfalls resulting from mismatch between cash inflows and outflows during an accounting period. pic The company is having optimum cash balance hence maintaining sufficient working capital. 10. &038 11. Increases in accounts receivableAccounts receivable (A/R) is one of a series of accounting transactions dealing with the billing of customers who owe money to a person, company or governing body for goods and services that bring been provided to the customer. In most business entities this is typically done by generating an invoice and mailing or electronically delivering it to the customer, who in turn must pay it in spit e of appearance an established timeframe called credit or payment terms. pic In Germany, the company has keep a tight hold on the credit that they supply to the distributors thus there isnt a significant change in the accounts receivable as compared to Ukraine. pic Increases in accounts receivable (Ukraine) that is disproportionate to any harvest-festival in r compensateue may indicate the company is having trouble collecting money from its customers. Depending on the companys cash situation, this could require the company to borrow money to plug the good deal from the unpaid money it is owed by its customers. Eventually, the company exponent need to write-off around of these accounts receivable as bad debt, in recognition of the fact that some customers might never pay. In extreme cases, the company might run out of cash and hurt to shut down. 12. Increases in inventories livestock is a list for goods and materials, or those goods and materials themselves, held available in s tock by a business. An organizations inventory can appear a mixed blessing, since it counts as an asset on the balance sheet, but it also ties up money that could advert for late(prenominal) purposes and requires superfluous expense for its protection. armory may also cause significant tax expenses, depending on particular countries laws regarding depreciation of inventory. Inventory appears as a current asset on an organizations balance sheet because the organization can, in principle, turn it into cash by merchandising it.Some organizations hold larger inventories than their operations require in order inflating their unmistakable asset value and their perceived positivity. pic The unconvincing distribution system in Ukraine pre-2000 exit to increase in the inventories of the company as company is working on meliorate the distribution channel cod to which the harvesting flow has been intercommunicate to be silent in plan of attack years take to decrease in inventory which is a healthy financial sign. 13. Increases in former(a) assets Assets are economic resources owned by business or company.Two major(ip)(ip) asset classes are tangible assets and nonphysical asset assets. Tangible assets contain various subclasses, including current assets and stock-still assets. up-to-date assets include inventory, while touch on assets include such items as buildings and equipment. Intangible assets are nonphysical resources and rights that guard a value to the firm because they give the firm some kind of receipts in the market place. Examples of intangible assets are goodwill, copyrights, trademarks, patents and computer programs, and financial assets, including such items as accounts receivable, bonds and stocks. pic There is a negative increment in the increase in the other assets because of the depreciation of other assets and they are not planning to acquire any new-made assets in near future. By 2002 they are planning to buy enough assets just to overcome the negative increase. 14. Reductions in long-term debt Long-term debts are loans and financial obligations that final for over one year. For example, debts obligations such as bonds and notes, which consume maturities greater than one year, would be considered as long-term debts. pic Reduction in long term debts from 1998 to 1999 could be due to overnight success of the company in Ukraine. The sound financial condition of the company has ensured the stable repayment of long term loans and would continue to do so in future. 15. Capital Expenditures Capital outlays (CAPEX or capex) are disbursements creating future benefits. A capital expenditure is incurred when a business spends money both to buy frozen assets or to add to the value of an existing fixed asset ith a useful life that extends beyond the taxable year. Capex are used by a company to acquire or upgrade physical assets such as equipment, property, or industrial buildings. pic The sharp increase in th e CAPEX can be explained by the inflow of capital through long term debts and the operating profit the company is planning to achieve in the communicate period. 16. fare uses of cash It is the sum keep down of all the use components in the fund flow statement. pic Break Even epitomeThe break- eve extremum for a yield is the period where come up r heretoforeue received equals the perfect follow associated with the exchanges event of the reaping (TR=TC). A break-even tiptop is typically calculated in order for businesses to determine if it would be gainful to sell a proposed product, as unconnected to attempting to modify an existing product quite so it can be made lucrative. Break even analysis can also be used to dissect the potential profitableness of an expenditure in a gross revenue-based business. Breakeven analysis is a management accounting tool used for profit planning of a firm.Profit planning is a function of the marketing legal injury of a w gob of pr oduct, the inconsistent address of qualification and selling the product, the book of product social building block sold and in case of multi-product companies, gross revenue mix and finally, the resume fixed be. Breakeven channelise (for create) = fixed bell / persona per unit of measurement of measurement. Break-even analysis is a technique astray used by getup signal management and management accountants. It is based on categorising turnout greet between those which are protean ( be that change when the achievement outfit changes) and those that are fixed ( court not directly cogitate to to the muckle of end product). kernel variant and fixed be are compared with gross revenue revenue in order to determine the train of sales ledger, sales value or yield at which the business makes incomplete a profit nor a loss (the break-even point). Break even analysis depends on the following covariants 1. The fixed work costs for a product. 2. The changeable exertion costs for a product. 3. The products unit price. 4. The products expect unit sales. On the surface, break-even analysis is a tool to calculate at which sales multitude the inconstant and fixed costs of producing your product will be recovered. other way to look at it is that the break-even point is the point at which your product sugar costing you money to produce and sell, and stolons to generate a profit for your company. Break even analysis solves various managerial problems setting price takes A price train is a hypothetical measure of general prices for some set of goods and services, in a given(p) region during a given interval, normalized relative to some base set. thusly with the help of BEP analysis a firm can determine the price direct of product and particular sales batch which is necessary to produce an X tally of operating profit. Targeting optimal unsettled/ fixed cost combinations Determining the financial attraction of different strategic op tions for your company. Break even Chart A breakeven chart is a strategic tool used to maculation the financial revenue of a business unit against time or sales to determine the point when sales proceeds is equal to revenue generated. This is recognised as the breakeven point. The information used to determine and die the breakeven point includes fixed, variable and keep down costs and the associated sales revenues. The analysis of a breakeven chart considers whether a venture runs at a profit or a loss.A sale in a higher place the breakeven point indicates act and lucrative fruit. The principle of break-even theory is that during the early stages of a business venture, heart costs, both fixed and variable, exceed sales. As output signal increases, sales begin to rise quick than costs and, eventually, they become equal (breakeven point). If sales continue to rise and exceed numerate costs, the business achieves profitability. The tool assumes that all the goods which ar e produced will be sold and that costs, that is to say the price, will remain constant.Likewise, it also relies on the capacity in terms of output to remain unchanged. Breakeven charts are universally apply to simply and graphically illustrate and forecast a companys projected revenue, and to calculate the time for profitability to be reached. It is used by financial and marketing strategists to predict the effect that changes in price will have on the percentage change in sales over time. It is also a useful tool to die the race between fixed and variable costs and to predict the effect on profitability of changes to those costs. Income Statements sales Germany 62032 62653 64219 66216 68203 70249 gross revenue Ukraine 0 4262 17559 25847 37479 48722 entire Net Sales 62032 66915 81778 92063 105682 118971 Production follow &038 Expenses 32258 35366 44271 49827 61393 71609 Excise duties 9143 9108 10486 11557 11625 13087 Allowance for doubtful accounts 5 7 38 24 201 60 Total variable quantity constitute 41406 44481 54795 61408 73219 84756 administrative &038 Selling Expenses 12481 13014 16274 18505 18500 18500 Depreciation 3609 4314 5844 6068 6766 7448 Total fit(p) represent 16090 ( per hectoliters) Per unit Sales 9206300/1173000 = 78. 8508099 Per unit variable cost 61408000/1173000 = 52. 35123615 Contribution per unit Per unit Sales Per unit variable cost = 26. 3384484 Breakeven catch = inflexible cost/Contribution per unit 24573000/26. 13384 = 940274. 633 Hence payoff of units requires to be sold to reach breakeven point=940275 hectoliters Net Sale in year 2000 = 1173000 hectoliters Revenue calculated from the sale of Breakeven book of account sales = breakeven point volume* per unit sale price 73797559. 3 Total inconstant cost at Breakeven menstruation = Breakeven volume * Per 940275 * 52. 32123615 = 49224558. 57 unit v ariable cost Total intractable greet = 24573000 Total cost of Production of Beer heady cost + variable cost 73797558. 57 This analysis identifies the break-even volume, where revenues just equal thoroughgoing costs and Deutsche Brauerei recovers all its fixed cost at the break-even volume sale. Sales supra Break-even Point will bring lucre for the company. allowance account of base hit (volume) = Total volume Sold Breakeven volume 1173000 940275 = 232725 hectoliters security deposit of preventive (Revenue) = per unit sale price * Margin of safety volume = 78. 48508099 * 232725 = 18265440. 47Variable constitute for selling 232725 hectoliters = per unit variable cost * Margin of Safety (volume) = 52. 35123615 * 232725 = 12183441. 43 Deutsche Breuerei has already covered up fixed cost expense with break even volume sale hence they will make profit to a higher place the sale of break even volume. Net profit = Margin of Safety (Revenue) Variable p ersonify for selling 232725 hectoliters = 18265440. 47 12183441. 43 = 6081999. 041 From the above analysis it is seen that as the volume change magnitude above the break even volume, the wage rise disproportionately faster. The analysis of a breakeven chart shows that Deutsche Breuerei has to sell more than 940275 hectoliters of beer to start making the profit for the venture.A sale above the breakeven point indicates a proceed and profitable growth, and venture makes a profit of 6081999. 041. Hence Deutsche Breuerei should stick to the current price take of beer and profit planning. Break even chart of Venture shows that if they can reduce the Production Cost in coming years through new quickness and equipment they can increase the profits in long term. As the company is masking a healthy sales of good they can invest on issue eagerness to reduce the per unit deed cost and expenses to increases the boilersuit profits. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 DEUTSCHE BRA UEREI Case compend- query 2 MBA PHARM. TECH. (4th year) pic pic ROLL NO. attain ROLL NO. expose 38 Devang Mehta 41 Upasana Nagpal 39 Anand Menon 42 Abhilash Nair 40 Manish Mishra 43 Kadambari Narang SCHOOL OF PHARMACY AND engineering MANGEMENT 0pic? 0pic? 0pic? 0pic 1pic1picx1pic1pic? 1picu1pic2pic2pic2picI2pic? 2picN3picl3picA4picA4pic? 4piceOAAAhWI8A hfJh? *B*picOJQJJ? ph333h? *B*picCJOJQJph hNuh? *B*picCJOJQJNet income =Revenue Cost of goods sold Sales discounts Sales returns and allowances Expenses Minority interest like stock dividendsDeutsche BrauereiQUESTION FOR REPORT/ countersign 2. What are the characteristics of Fund flow statement and its uses? What do the financial forecast and sources and uses of funds statement of company tell us? Discuss about breakeven analysis. What does the breakeven chart of the company tell us? pic Fund Flow Statement Financial statements mainly include profit and loss account and balance sheet. Profit and loss account lists out all the expenses made by the firm and revenue earned over a period of time. Balance sheet depicts the financial position of the firm at a particular point of time.While fund flow statement is complimentary to both balance sheet and profit and loss account, it brings a clear idea about the movement of funds in and out of the firm, during a particular period of time. Meaning of Fund Flow The financial statement of the business indicates assets, liabilities and capital on aparticular date and also the profit or loss during a period. just it is possible that there is enough profit in the business and the financial position is also good and still there may be deficiency of cash or of working capital in business.If the management wants to find out as to where the cash is being utilized, financial statement cannot help. Therefore, a statement is prepared of the sources and applications of funds from where Working Capital comes and it is utilized. This is called Fund Flow statement. Meanin g of Fund In a popular and generally accepted mother wit the term fund is used to pertain the excess of current assets over current liabilities Working Capital = Current Assets Current Liabilities Meaning of Flow of Fund Flow of funds means transmigration (coming and going) of funds.In other words, Flow of funds means change in Working capital, as in funds flow statement the words funds mean net working capital. Hence Coleman rightly states that, The fund statement is statement summarizing the significant financial changes which have occurred between the beginning and the end of a companys accounting period. The flow of fund if is represented by changes in working capital, then it can happen, only if a transaction involves changes on both current item and noncurrent item. any transaction has double entry. Various cases can be that transaction involves Change on current assets and on fixed assets (cash purchase of fixed assets) o Cash being current item and fixed assets are non current ? Change on current assets and on current assets (credit sale of inventory) o Debtors is a current item and inventory is also current in temper ? Change on current assets and change on current liabilities (payment made to creditors) o Cash is current asset and creditor, current liability ? Change on current liabilities and change on current liabilities (short term loan taken to clear overdraft) ?Change on fixed assets and on fixed liabilities (sale of investments to redeem debentures) So, amongst all these combinations, transactions which involve change, on one hand on current item and on other hand on non current item, they would only trail to fund flow. E. g. * Sell investments in cash. * Issue of shares * Raising long term loans, etc. Thus fund flow statement enumerates various sources from which funds come in organization and various applications which lead to usage of funds. It is an important tool to sound out the efficiency of management in the firm.It can make fu ture projections about working capital requirements and thus firm can arrange for those requirements and can allocate funds in a more efficient manner. Preparation of fund flow statement involves preparation of adjusted profit and loss account which is prepared by excluding the non fund and non operating items from the initial figure of net profit. Different Names of Fund-flow Statement * A Funds Statement * A statement of sources and uses of fund * A statement of sources and application of fund * Where got and where gone statement * inflow and outflow of fund statementObjectives of Fund Flow Statement The main purposes of Fund Flow Statement are 1. To help to understand the changes in assets and asset sources which are not readily evident in the income statement or financial statement. 2. To inform as to how the cans to the business have been used. 3. To point out the financial strengths and weaknesses of the business How to dress up a Fund Flow Statement Fund flow statements are prepared by taking the balance sheets for two dates representing the coverage period. The increases and decreases must then be calculated for each item.Finally, the changes are classified under four categories (1) Long-term sources, (2) long-term uses, (3) short-term sources, (4) short-term uses. It is also important to zero out the non-fund based adjustments in order to capture only the changes that are accompanies by flow of funds. However, income accrued but received and expenses incurred but not received reckoned in the profit and loss statement should not be excluded from the profit figure for the fund flow statement. Fund flow statements can be used to tell apart a variety of problems in the way a company operates.For example, companies that are using short-term money to finance long-term investments may run into liquidity problems in the future. Meanwhile, a company that is using long-term money to finance short-term investments may not be efficiently utilizing its capital. locomote in Preparation of Fund Flow Statement 1) Preparation of schedule changes in working capital (taking current items only). 2) Preparation of adjusted profit and loss account (to know fund from or fund disjointed in operations). 3) Preparation of accounts for non-current items (Ascertain the hidden information). 4) Preparation of the fund flow statement.Importance of funds flow statement Funds flow statement is an important analytical tool for external as well as internal uses of financial statements. The users of funds flow statement can be listed as under 1. Managements of various companies are able to review cash budgets with the aid of funds flow statements. They are extensively used by the management in the valuation of alternative finance &038 investments. In the evaluation of alternative finance &038 investment plans, funds flow statement helps the management in the assessment of long-range forecasts of cash requirements &038 availability of liquid resources.The man agement can judge the quality of management decisions. 2. Investors are able to measure as how the company has utilized the funds supplied by them &038 its financial strength with the aid of funds statements. They gauge can the company capacity to generate funds from operations. On the basis of comparative choose of the past with the present, investors can locate &038 disclose possible drains on funds in the near future. 3. Funds statement serve as effective tools to the management for economic analysis as it supplies additional information, which cannot be provided by financial statements, based on historical data. . Fund statement explains the blood between changes in working capital &038 net profits. Funds statement clearly shows the quantum of funds generated from operations. 5. Funds statement helps in the planning process of a company. They are useful in assessing the resources available and the manner of utilization of resources. 6. Funds statement explains the financial c onsequences of business activities. They provide explicit &038 clear awareness to questions regarding liquid &038 solvency positions of the company, distribution of dividend &038 whether the working capital has been effective or otherwise. 7.Management of companies can forecast in boost the requirements of additional capital &038 can plan its capital issue accordingly. 8. Fund statement provides clues to the creditors &038 financial institutions as to the ability of a company to use funds efficaciously in the best interest of the investors, creditors &038 the owners of the company. 9. Funds statement indicates the adequacy or want of working capital. 10. The information contained in fund flow statement is more reliable, dear &038 consistent as it is prepared to include funds generated from operations &038 not net profit after depreciation. 11.Funds flow statement clearly indicate how profits have been invested, whether investments in fixed assets or inventories or ploughed back. Financial forecast A financial forecast is normally an estimate of future financial outcomes for a company. Using historical internal accounting and sales data, in addition to external market and economic indicators, a financial forecast is an economists best guess of what will happen to a company in financial terms over a given time period &8212 which is normally one year. In this case, the company has forecasted its data for the years 2001 and 2002. Sources of funds 1. Net IncomeNet incomeis equal to theincomethat a firm has after subtracting costs andexpensesfrom the totalrevenue. Netincome can be distributed among holders of common stock as adividendor held by the firm asretained remuneration. The items deducted will typically includetax expense, financing expense (interest expense), andminority interest. Net income is informally called thebottom linebecause it is typically found on the last line of a companysincome statement. pic The forecasted net income is increasing in the projected year. It has been projected that there would be an increase in the net income of 28% in 2001 and 17% in 2002.This can be impute to their expansion strategy in the coming years. There has been a dip in the net income in the year 1999 owning to the depreciation of Ukrainian currency by one hundred twenty-five%. 2. Allowance for doubtful accounts The allowance for doubtful accounts is a balance sheet account that reduces the reported amount of accounts receivable. Providing an allowance for doubtful accounts presents a more realistic externalize of how much of the accounts receivable will be turning to cash. If a firm has made a sufficient provision in its allowance for doubtful accounts, reported earnings will not be penalized by bad debts when the bad debts occur.If uncollectible accounts are larger than expected, however, the firm will have to increase the size of the account and reduce reported income. pic There has been a sharp increase in allowance for doubtful acco unts in the year 2001 which subsequently reduced. This can be linked to the increase in the credit they plan to give to the distributors owning to their expansion plans for the period and their recovery policy. The increase in doubtful accounts is a bad sign for the financial position for the company. 3. Depreciation Anoncash expensethat reduces thevalueof anasset as aresultofwear and tear, age, orobsolescence.Most assets lose their value over time (in otherwords, they depreciate), and must be replaced once the end of their useful lifeis reached. Because it is anon-cash expense, depreciation lowers thecompanysreportedearningswhile increasingfree cash flow. Calculated by two methods 1. directly Line Depreciation Method 2. Declining Balance Depreciation Method pic There has been gradatory rise in the depreciation in the projected years. This can be relate to increase in their number of assets (they are planning to buy more equipments and properties) which would lead to devaluation eventually. 4.Short-Term Debt The account which comprises of any debt incurred by a company that is due within one year. The debt in this account is usually made up of short-term assert loans taken out by a company. The value of this account is very important when determininga companysfinancial health. If the account is larger than the companyscash and cash equivalents, this suggests that the companymay bein scummy financial health and does not haveenough cash to pay off its short-term debts. Althoughshort-term debts are due within a year, there may be a portion of the long-term debt included in this account.This portion pertains to payments that must be made onany long-term debt throughout the year. pic In initial years they heavily depended on short term debts. Over the years the financial health of the company improved which lead to the reduction in the debts. Owning to their credit policy and increase in investment in fixed assets, the company is not able to recover the money . This could have lead to increase in short term borrowings. 5. Accounts payable An accounting entry that represents an entitys obligation to payoff a short-term debt toits creditors.The accounts payable entry is found on a balance sheet under the header current liabilities. Accounts payable are debts that must be paid off within a given period of time in order to avoid default. pic Increase in accounts payable shows that the company is making more purchases on credit. It could be due to taking more time to pay bills, buying more products on credit, gainful higher prices for credit purchases. 6. Other Current Liabilities A balance sheet entry used by companies to group together current liabilities that are not designate to common liabilities such as debt obligations or accounts payable.Companies will group together these other current liabilities into one account on the balance sheet for the sake of simplicity. pic Since this menage is made up of accruals and similar items, it increases as the company gets larger. It increased in 1999 owning to higher investment in Ukraine. The increase in the other current liabilities has been more or less stable in the projected years. 7. Total sources of cash It is the sum total of all the components of sources of funds. pic Uses of Funds 8. Dividend PaymentsDividends are payments made by a corporation to its shareholder members. It is the portion of corporate profits paid out to stockholders. When a corporation earns a profit or surplus, that money can be put to two uses it can either be re-invested in the business (called retained earnings), or it can be paid to the shareholders as a dividend. many corporations retain a portion of their earnings and pay the remainder as a dividend. pic There is a sharp increase in the dividend payment as the company is projecting a higher increase in their profits.The dividends are paid from the net income from the same year. Increase in dividend payments implies toughened commitmen t to maintain higher aim of dividends in the future. 9. Increases in cash balance Amount of available cash that a management decides to maintain in cash planning, to avoid or cover up cash shortfalls resulting from mismatch between cash inflows and outflows during an accounting period. pic The company is having optimum cash balance hence maintaining sufficient working capital. 10. &038 11. Increases in accounts receivableAccounts receivable (A/R) is one of a series of accounting transactions dealing with the billing of customers who owe money to a person, company or organization for goods and services that have been provided to the customer. In most business entities this is typically done by generating an invoice and mailing or electronically delivering it to the customer, who in turn must pay it within an established timeframe called credit or payment terms. pic In Germany, the company has hold a tight hold on the credit that they supply to the distributors thus there isnt a sig nificant change in the accounts receivable as compared to Ukraine. pic Increases in accounts receivable (Ukraine) that is disproportionate to any growth in revenue may indicate the company is having trouble collecting money from its customers. Depending on the companys cash situation, this could require the company to borrow money to plug the hole from the unpaid money it is owed by its customers. Eventually, the company might need to write-off some of these accounts receivable as bad debt, in recognition of the fact that some customers might never pay. In extreme cases, the company might run out of cash and have to shut down. 12. Increases in inventoriesInventory is a list for goods and materials, or those goods and materials themselves, held available in stock by a business. An organizations inventory can appear a mixed blessing, since it counts as an asset on the balance sheet, but it also ties up money that could serve for other purposes and requires additional expense for its p rotection. Inventory may also cause significant tax expenses, depending on particular countries laws regarding depreciation of inventory. Inventory appears as a current asset on an organizations balance sheet because the organization can, in principle, turn it into cash by selling it.Some organizations hold larger inventories than their operations require in order inflating their discernible asset value and their perceived profitability. pic The lean distribution system in Ukraine pre-2000 lead to increase in the inventories of the company as company is working on up(p) the distribution channel due to which the product flow has been projected to be inactive in coming years lede to decrease in inventory which is a healthy financial sign. 13. Increases in other assets Assets are economic resources owned by business or company.Two major asset classes are tangible assets and intangible assets. Tangible assets contain various subclasses, including current assets and fixed assets. Cu rrent assets include inventory, while fixed assets include such items as buildings and equipment. Intangible assets are nonphysical resources and rights that have a value to the firm because they give the firm some kind of service in the market place. Examples of intangible assets are goodwill, copyrights, trademarks, patents and computer programs, and financial assets, including such items as accounts receivable, bonds and stocks. pic There is a negative growth in the increase in the other assets because of the depreciation of other assets and they are not planning to acquire any new assets in near future. By 2002 they are planning to buy enough assets just to overcome the negative growth. 14. Reductions in long-term debt Long-term debts are loans and financial obligations that last for over one year. For example, debts obligations such as bonds and notes, which have maturities greater than one year, would be considered as long-term debts. pic Reduction in long term debts from 199 8 to 1999 could be due to overnight success of the company in Ukraine. The sound financial condition of the company has ensured the stable repayment of long term loans and would continue to do so in future. 15. Capital Expenditures Capital expenditures (CAPEX or capex) are expenditures creating future benefits. A capital expenditure is incurred when a business spends money either to buy fixed assets or to add to the value of an existing fixed asset ith a useful life that extends beyond the taxable year. Capex are used by a company to acquire or upgrade physical assets such as equipment, property, or industrial buildings. pic The sharp increase in the CAPEX can be explained by the inflow of capital through long term debts and the operating profit the company is planning to achieve in the projected period. 16. Total uses of cash It is the sum total of all the use components in the fund flow statement. pic Break Even AnalysisThe break-even point for a product is the point where total r evenue received equals the total costs associated with the sale of the product (TR=TC). A break-even point is typically calculated in order for businesses to determine if it would be profitable to sell a proposed product, as foreign to attempting to modify an existing product or else so it can be made lucrative. Break even analysis can also be used to analyse the potential profitability of an expenditure in a sales-based business. Breakeven analysis is a management accounting tool used for profit planning of a firm.Profit planning is a function of the selling price of a unit of product, the variable cost of making and selling the product, the volume of product unit sold and in case of multi-product companies, sales mix and finally, the total fixed costs. Breakeven point (for output) = fixed cost / component per unit. Break-even analysis is a technique astray used by takings management and management accountants. It is based on categorising production costs between those which a re variable (costs that change when the production output changes) and those that are fixed (costs not directly related to the volume of production).Total variable and fixed costs are compared with sales revenue in order to determine thelevel of sales volume, sales value or production at which the business makes incomplete a profit nor a loss (the break-even point). Break even analysis depends on the following variables 1. The fixed production costs for a product. 2. The variable production costs for a product. 3. The products unit price. 4. The products expected unit sales. On the surface, break-even analysis is a tool to calculate at which sales volume the variable and fixed costs of producing your product will be recovered.another(prenominal) way to look at it is that the break-even point is the point at which your product gelt costing you money to produce and sell, and starts to generate a profit for your company. Break even analysis solves various managerial problems deskto p price levels A price level is a hypothetical measure of overall prices for some set of goods and services, in a given region during a given interval, normalized relative to some base set. Hence with the help of BEP analysis a firm can determine the price level of product and particular sales volume which is necessary to produce an X amount of operating profit. Targeting optimal variable/ fixed cost combinations Determining the financial attracter of different strategic options for your company. Break even Chart A breakeven chart is a strategic tool used to mend the financial revenue of a business unit against time or sales to determine the point when sales output is equal to revenue generated. This is recognised as the breakeven point. The information used to determine and analyse the breakeven point includes fixed, variable and total costs and the associated sales revenues. The analysis of a breakeven chart considers whether a venture runs at a profit or a loss.A sale above th e breakeven point indicates act and profitable growth. The principle of break-even theory is that during the early stages of a business venture, total costs, both fixed and variable, exceed sales. As output increases, sales begin to rise faster than costs and, eventually, they become equal (breakeven point). If sales continue to rise and exceed total costs, the business achieves profitability. The tool assumes that all the goods which are produced will be sold and that costs, namely the price, will remain constant.Likewise, it also relies on the capacity in terms of output to remain unchanged. Breakeven charts are universally use to simply and graphically illustrate and forecast a companys projected revenue, and to calculate the time for profitability to be reached. It is used by financial and marketing strategists to predict the effect that changes in price will have on the percentage change in sales over time. It is also a useful tool to analyse the birth between fixed and varia ble costs and to predict the effect on profitability of changes to those costs. Income Statements Sales Germany 62032 62653 64219 66216 68203 70249 Sales Ukraine 0 4262 17559 25847 37479 48722 Total Net Sales 62032 66915 81778 92063 105682 118971 Production Cost &038 Expenses 32258 35366 44271 49827 61393 71609 Excise duties 9143 9108 10486 11557 11625 13087 Allowance for doubtful accounts 5 7 38 24 201 60 Total Variable Cost 41406 44481 54795 61408 73219 84756 administrative &038 Selling Expenses 12481 13014 16274 18505 18500 18500 Depreciation 3609 4314 5844 6068 6766 7448 Total Fixed Cost 16090 ( per hectoliters) Per unit Sales 9206300/1173000 = 78. 8508099 Per unit variable cost 61408000/1173000 = 52. 35123615 Contribution per unit Per unit Sales Per unit variable cost = 26. 3384484 Breakeven Point = Fixed cost/Contribution per unit 24573000/26. 13384 = 940274. 633 Hence event of units requires to be sold to reach breakeven point=940275 hectoliters Net Sale in year 2000 = 1173000 hectoliters Revenue calculated from the sale of Breakeven volume sales = breakeven point volume* per unit sale price 73797559. 3 Total Variable cost at Breakeven Point = Breakeven volume * Per 940275 * 52. 32123615 = 49224558. 57 unit variable cost Total Fixed Cost = 24573000 Total cost of Production of Beer Fixed cost + variable cost 73797558. 57 This analysis identifies the break-even volume, where revenues just equal total costs and Deutsche Brauerei recovers all its fixed cost at the break-even volume sale. Sales above Break-even Point will bring profits for the company. Margin of Safety (volume) = Total volume Sold Breakeven volume 1173000 940275 = 232725 hectoliters Margin of Safety (Revenue) = per unit sale price * Margin of safety volume = 78. 48508099 * 232725 = 18265440. 47Variable Cost for selling 232725 hectoliters = per unit variable cost * Margin of Safety (volume) = 52. 35123615 * 232725 = 12183441. 43 Deutsche Breuerei has already covered up fixed cost expense with break even volume sale hence they will make profit above the sale of break even volume. Net profit = Margin of Safety (Revenue) Variable Cost for selling 232725 hectoliters = 18265440. 47 12183441. 43 = 6081999. 041 From the above analysis it is seen that as the volume increased above the break even volume, the profits rise disproportionately faster. The analysis of a breakeven chart shows that Deutsche Breuerei has to sell more than 940275 hectoliters of beer to start making the profit for the venture.A sale above the breakeven point indicates a keep and profitable growth, and venture makes a profit of 6081999. 041. Hence Deutsche Breuerei should stick to the current price level of beer and profit planning. Break even chart of Venture shows that if they can reduce the Production Cost in coming years through new facility a nd equipment they can increase the profits in long term. As the company is screening a healthy sales of good they can invest on production facility to reduce the per unit production cost and expenses to increases the overall profits. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 DEUTSCHE BRAUEREI Case Analysis- interrogative mood 2 MBA PHARM. TECH. (4th year) pic pic ROLL NO. NAME ROLL NO. NAME 38 Devang Mehta 41 Upasana Nagpal 39 Anand Menon 42 Abhilash Nair 40 Manish Mishra 43 Kadambari Narang SCHOOL OF PHARMACY AND engine room MANGEMENT 0pic? 0pic? 0pic? 0pic 1pic1picx1pic1pic? 1picu1pic2pic2pic2picI2pic? 2picN3picl3picA4picA4pic? 4piceOAAAhWI8A hfJh? *B*picOJQJJ? ph333h? *B*picCJOJQJph hNuh? *B*picCJOJQJNet income =Revenue Cost of goods sold Sales discounts Sales returns and allowances Expenses Minority interest preferable stock dividends